Nuclear translocation and accumulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase involved in diclazuril-induced apoptosis in Eimeria tenella (E. tenella)

Abstract

In mammalian cells, GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) has recently been shown to be implicated in numerous apoptotic paradigms, especially in neuronal apoptosis, and has been demonstrated to play a vital role in some neurodegenerative disorders. However, this phenomenon has not been reported in protists. In the present study, we report for the first time that such a mechanism is involved in diclazuril-induced apoptosis in Eimeria tenella (E. tenella). We found that upon treatment of parasites with diclazuril, the expression levels of GAPDH transcript and protein were significantly increased in second-generation merozoites. Then, we examined the subcellular localization of GAPDH by fluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis. The results show that a considerable amount of GAPDH protein appeared in the nucleus within diclazuril-treated second-generation merozoites; in contrast, the control group had very low levels of GAPDH in the nucleus. The glycolytic activity of GAPDH was kinetically analyzed in different subcellular fractions. A substantial decrease (48.5%) in glycolytic activity of GAPDH in the nucleus was displayed. Moreover, the activities of caspases-3, -9, and −8 were measured in cell extracts using specific caspase substrates. The data show significant increases in caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities in the diclazuril-treated group.

Review of triazine antiprotozoal drugs used in veterinary medicine

“…As triazines have significant anticoccidial effects on Eimeria spp., a pathogen of coccidiosis in birds, they are commonly used in fowls, such as chickens and turkeys. However, they have faced significant problems related to drug resistance in recent years (Conway, Mathis, Johnson, Schwartz, & Baldwin, ; Fernandez et al., ; Kreiner, Worliczek, Tichy, & Joachim, ; Wang et al., ). A number of Eimeria strains have developed resistance to most drugs, thereby rendering the anticoccidials ineffective and leading to clinical failure (Abbas, Iqbal, Blake, Khan, & Saleemi, ; Allen & Fetterer, ; Harfoush, Hegazy, Soliman, & Amer, ; Zhang, Wang, Ruan, & An, ).…”

Effects of subclinical Eimeria tenella infection on Pectoralis major muscle in broiler chickens

“…Coccidiosis is one of the most detrimental enteric diseases and is a major economic problem for the poultry industry (Wang et al 2013). Despite the hidden danger of subclinical coccidiosis in the poultry industry, there appear to be very few studies available about the effects associated with this form of infection.…”

Influence of Qingchang Oral Liquid on Second Generation Merozoite of the Chicken Eimeria tenella

“…At the present moment, the ultra-microstructure of E. tenella at each stage has been well studied (Cacho et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2016). By studying the changes of the ultra-microstructure of coccidia at each stage after drug action, we can reveal the possible drug action stage and target from the perspective of morphology.…”