Abstract:We report a new way to engineer nanomaterials from biomolecules (N-dots) with bright fluorescence and high singlet oxygen generation towards theranostic applications.
“…Thus, the nucleic acid can be used as precursor for fluorescent CDs. Zheng et al [147] developed high fluorescent CDs (PL QY of 12.4%) with excellent photostability which is 91.9% under continuous UV excitation for 30 min from deoxyadenosine monophosphate. And the same time, the CDs exhibited promising singlet oxygen generation with quantum yield of 1.20, which is higher than that of conventional photosensitizer Rose Bengal (0.75).…”
Section: Fluorescent Cds Conjugated With Phototherapy Agent 521 Flmentioning
Carbon dots (CDs) is a kind of carbon nanoparticles with a plentiful of surface functional groups and tunable emission with different excitation wavelength. Broadly speaking, CDs include carbon nanodots, carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, carbonized polymer dots. Due to the unique nature, they are explored for various applications in the bio-related fields such as bioimaging, sensor for ion and (bio)molecules, catalyst, LED and other fields. They are viewed as great alternative tracers to the current fluorescent biomarkers in personalized nanomedicine and surgery operation monitoring. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the development of CDs, including improvement in fluorescence properties, two-photon fluorescence, and integration with other modalities as theragnostic agents. Specifically, we discussed the preparation of dual-modal imaging agents to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, the combination of imaging and targeting functionality for the effective accumulation of biomarkers, and the integration of imaging and therapeutic agents to effectively monitor the localization and concentration of therapeutic agents. Finally, the theragnostic agents composed of three functionalities (e.g. targeting, imaging, and therapy) were summarized to provide readers with future perspectives in this field.
“…Thus, the nucleic acid can be used as precursor for fluorescent CDs. Zheng et al [147] developed high fluorescent CDs (PL QY of 12.4%) with excellent photostability which is 91.9% under continuous UV excitation for 30 min from deoxyadenosine monophosphate. And the same time, the CDs exhibited promising singlet oxygen generation with quantum yield of 1.20, which is higher than that of conventional photosensitizer Rose Bengal (0.75).…”
Section: Fluorescent Cds Conjugated With Phototherapy Agent 521 Flmentioning
Carbon dots (CDs) is a kind of carbon nanoparticles with a plentiful of surface functional groups and tunable emission with different excitation wavelength. Broadly speaking, CDs include carbon nanodots, carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, carbonized polymer dots. Due to the unique nature, they are explored for various applications in the bio-related fields such as bioimaging, sensor for ion and (bio)molecules, catalyst, LED and other fields. They are viewed as great alternative tracers to the current fluorescent biomarkers in personalized nanomedicine and surgery operation monitoring. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the development of CDs, including improvement in fluorescence properties, two-photon fluorescence, and integration with other modalities as theragnostic agents. Specifically, we discussed the preparation of dual-modal imaging agents to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, the combination of imaging and targeting functionality for the effective accumulation of biomarkers, and the integration of imaging and therapeutic agents to effectively monitor the localization and concentration of therapeutic agents. Finally, the theragnostic agents composed of three functionalities (e.g. targeting, imaging, and therapy) were summarized to provide readers with future perspectives in this field.
“…Developing multifunctional hybrid nanomaterials for simultaneous diagnosis and effective cancer treatment via fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy has received much interest in recent years. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging non-invasive technique based on the use of light, oxygen, and photosensitizing molecules to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) for killing cancer and/or bacterial cells. [8][9][10][11][12] In particular, efficient PDT relies on the generation of sufficient ROS, especially singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), to be able to disrupt the 'stubborn' microbial and cancerous cells.…”
Theranostic photosensitizers which enable both disease diagnosis and effective treatment have recently received much attention towards personalized medicine. Herein, we report a multifunctional nanohybrid system using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to...
“…Fluorescent nanosensors are promising tools in studying both drug-DNA and protein-DNA interaction with high sensitivity. In addition to fluorescent dyes, semiconductor quantum dots, fluorescent conjugated polymers, novel fluorescent nanomaterials such as bioinspired carbon dots [ [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] ], metal nanoclusters [ [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] ] and aggregation induced emission dyes [ 78 , 79 ] can also be used in developing sensitive assays to monitoring biomolecular interactions including protein-DNA and drug-DNA binding. Fig.…”
Section: Nanosensors Designed For Detecting Dna Binding Interactionsmentioning
DNA carries important genetic instructions and plays vital roles in regulating biological activities in living cells. Proteins such as transcription factors binds to DNA to regulate the biological functions of DNA, and similarly many drug molecules also bind to DNA to modulate its functions. Due to the importance of protein-DNA and drug-DNA binding, there has been intense effort in developing novel nanosensors in the same length scale as DNA, to effectively study these binding interactions in details. In addition, aptamers can be artificially selected to detect metal ions and pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, making nucleic acid nanosensors more versatile in detecting a large variety of analytes. In this minireview, we first explained the different types and binding modes of protein-DNA and drug-DNA interactions in the biological systems, as well as aptamer-target binding. This was followed by the review of five types of nucleic acid nanosensors based on optical or electrochemical detection. The five types of nucleic acid nanosensors utilizing colorimetric, dynamic light scattering (DLS), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), fluorescence and electrochemical detections have been recently developed to tackle some of the challenges in high-throughput screening technology for large scale analysis, which is especially useful for drug development and mass screening for pandemic outbreak such as SARS or COVID-19.
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