“…Purified dsRNA has been the starting material for the cloning and sequencing of viruses with (Potgieter et al, 2002) or without (Jelkmann et al, 1989;Jelkmann, 1994;Nemchinov and Hadidi, 1998;Nemchinov et al, 2000;Tzanetakis et al, 2005a;Zhang and Rowhani, 2000) PCR amplification prior to the initial cloning or can be used as templates in RT-PCR assays (Davis and Boyle, 1990). Over the past 15 years, there has been success in the sequencing, characterization, and identification of a number of viruses of grapevines (Routh et al, 1998;Zhang and Rowhani, 2000), tree fruit (James et al, 2000;Jelkmann, 1995;KeimKonrad and Jelkmann, 1996;Zhang et al , 1998;Nemchinov and Hadidi, 1998;Nemchinov et al, 2000;RaU and Jelkmann, 2001;Marini et al, 2002) and small fruit crops (Jelkmann et a1., 1990;Schoen et a1., 1998;Thompson et al, 2002;Tzanetakis et al, 2006Tzanetakis et al, , 2007. The sequence information has been used to develop diagnostic tests for these viruses.…”