Numerical evaluation of liquefaction-induced damages in composite breakwaters and its application for performance-based improvement design

Investigation of coseismic liquefaction‐induced ground deformation associated with the 2019 Mw 5.8 Mirpur, Pakistan, earthquake using near‐surface electrical resistivity tomography and geological data

“…This enhanced pore pressure then exceeds the overburden pressure, resulting in fluidization producing ground fracturing, lateral spreading, ground subsidence, sand blow and flow failures (Youd, 1995). Recently, earthquake-induced liquefaction and tens of metres long ground fractures have resulted in extensive damage to houses, roads, lifeline facilities and other infrastructure (Orense et al, 2012;Galli et al, 2012;Romeo et al, 2015;Rabeti Moghadam et al, 2017). Traditionally, regional liquefaction hazard and other associated coseismic effects are evaluated using surficial geology and subsurface data.…”

Seismic damage of gravity abutment in liquefied ground

“…As a key connecting structure in modern transportation network, bridges are easily affected by earthquakes. Abutment damage is an important form of seismic damage, which will cause the failure of its own function and the downfall of beams, resulting in bridge collapse eventually (Ye et al , 2015a, 2015b), Rabeti Moghadama et al , 2017, Jafarian et al , 2010). Because of the importance of abutment seismic performance in the liquefied ground, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out some research on this problem.…”