Objectives. To examine the impact of a panel discussion on transgender health care on first-year (P1) pharmacy students' knowledge and understanding of transgender experiences in an Introduction to Diversity course. Design. The panel consisted of both transgender males and females. After panelists shared their healthcare experiences, students asked them questions in a moderated setting. Students completed evaluations on the presentation and learning outcomes. They also wrote a self-reflection paper on the experience. Assessment. Ninety-one percent of students agreed that they could describe methods for showing respect to a transgender patient and 91.0% evaluated the usefulness of the presentation to be very good or excellent. Qualitative analysis (phenomenological study) was conducted on the self-reflection papers and revealed 7 major themes. Conclusion. First-year students reported that they found the panel discussion to be eye opening and relevant to their pharmacy career. Our panel may serve as model for other pharmacy schools to implement.Keywords: health disparities, transgender, pharmacy education, panel discussion, reflection, qualitative analysis
INTRODUCTIONThe topic of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health was added to the Healthy People 2020 initiative, indicating that the US Department of Health and Human Services considered it to be an emerging issue. 1 The document states that LGBT individuals encounter several health disparities linked to societal stigma, discrimination, and denial of human and civil rights. It also specifically mentions the need to provide medical students access to and training about LGBT patients to increase culturally competent care. As pharmacists are also an integral part of the healthcare system, this statement can be extrapolated to pharmacy students as well.Although it is undeniable that the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations have significant challenges within the healthcare system, the struggles that transgender individuals face are even more pronounced. A transgender individual can include anyone whose self-identity, behavior, or anatomy falls outside of societal gender norms and expectations (Appendix 1). Transgender individuals have a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted diseases, mental health issues, and suicide.1 A significant number (28%) of transgender patients have experienced verbal harassment in a medical setting.2 Additionally, transgender individuals are less likely to have health insurance than heterosexual or LGB individuals. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, if necessary, can choose not to disclose their sexual orientation to their healthcare providers and still receive adequate primary health care. However, transgender patients must disclose their transgender status to receive thorough and appropriate health care. Yet, fear of discrimination by healthcare providers once they do disclose their status may prevent individuals from seeking both urgent and preventative medical treatment.2, 3 Know...