Nutraceutical Potential of Phenolics from ′Brava′ and ′Mansa′ Extra-Virgin Olive Oils on the Inhibition of Enzymes Associated to Neurodegenerative Disorders in Comparison with Those of ′Picual′ and ′Cornicabra′

Abstract

The increasing interest in the Mediterranean diet is based on the protective effects against several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Polyphenol-rich functional foods have been proposed to be unique supplementary and nutraceutical treatments for these disorders. Extra-virgin olive oils (EVOOs) obtained from ′Brava′ and ′Mansa′, varieties recently identified from Galicia (northwestern Spain), were selected for in vitro screening to evaluate their capacity to inhibit key enzymes involved in Alzheimer′s disease (AD) (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)), major depressive disorder (MDD) and Parkinson′s disease (PD) (monoamine oxidases: hMAO-A and hMAO-B respectively). ′Brava′ oil exhibited the best inhibitory activity against all enzymes, when they are compared to ′Mansa′ oil: BuChE (IC50 = 245 ± 5 and 591 ± 23 mg·mL−1), 5-LOX (IC50 = 45 ± 7 and 106 ± 14 mg·mL−1), hMAO-A (IC50 = 30 ± 1 and 72 ± 10 mg·mL−1) and hMAO-B (IC50 = 191 ± 8 and 208 ± 14 mg·mL−1), respectively. The inhibitory capacity of the phenolic extracts could be associated with the content of secoiridoids, lignans and phenolic acids.

Pharma-Nutritional Properties of Olive Oil Phenols. Transfer of New Findings to Human Nutrition

“…Yet, no induction of phase II enzymes was found in PBMCs from healthy humans supplemented with HT, and further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis [ 91 ]. In a very recent study using cell-free model assays, EVOO phenolic extracts (rich in secoiridoids derivatives, lignans, and vanillic acid) acted as multi-target ligands directly inhibiting neurodegenerative disorder-related enzymes BuChE, 5-LOX, hMAO-A and hMAO-B in a dose-dependent manner [ 140 ].…”

Effect of extrusion technology on hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) oil cake: Polyphenol profile and biological activities

“…These activities were still far weaker compared to the positive control drug of galanthamine. The high abundance of phenolic compounds in the extract may interact and compromise its overall biological activities, in comparison to the pure compound (Figueiredo‐González et al., 2018). Nonetheless, it still shows the prospect of extrusion to utilize and improve the antineurodegeneration activities of hempseed processing byproducts.…”

Reveals of New Candidate Active Components in Hemerocallis Radix and Its Anti-Depression Action of Mechanism Based on Network Pharmacology Approach

“…It has also been proved that vanillic acid has hepatoprotective effect, and is often used in the treatment of depression in TCM, and can suppress hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver injury [41]. Interestingly, although multiple phenolic acids have anti-depression effect, there is no scientific data that prove that vanillic acid alleviates depression, only several findings on the reduced concentrations of homo-vanillic acid (HVA) in cerebrospinal fluid [42][43][44] and mild inhibition of human MAOA and MAOB from virgin olive oil-extracted vanillic acid [45].…”