Nutrient Intake and Obesity in Children with Autism

Ho, Helena H.; Eaves, Linda C.; Peabody, Diana

doi:10.1177/108835769701200308

Cited by 72 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our findings are similar to reports from other researchers [3,[13][14][15]. Edmond et al [3] reported adequate energy intake and growth in children with ASD, although their diets were less varied when compared to a group of control children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Nutrient Intake among Children with Autism

Moore¹,

Crook

James³

et al. 2012

J Nutr Disorders Ther

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The objective of this study was to examine adequacy of nutrient intake and determine the impact of multivitamin use on nutrient intake in children with autism. This was a retrospective analysis of food frequency questionnaire data collected from 54 children, ages 2-8 years, in the Autism Integrated Metabolic and Genomic Endeavor Study at Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR. The average percent of Kilocalories from carbohydrate, protein and fat fell within the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges at 56%, 14% and 33%, respectively. Mean intakes for calcium, potassium, vitamin E, vitamin D and fiber were below the dietary reference intake (DRI) levels at 75%, 57%, 77%, 25% and 41%, respectively. Mean intakes of vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, and vitamin B6 exceeded the DRI at 216%, 233%, 270%, 452% and 228%, respectively. No differences were found in vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, total kilocalorie, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake between children who were multivitamin users and those who were non-users. These data indicate that children with autism have diets adequate in kilocalories and macronutrients, while imbalances exist in fiber and several micronutrients. Dietary interventions for children with autism should be aimed at addressing these potential nutritional imbalances.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Nutrient Intake among Children with Autism

Moore¹,

Crook

James³

et al. 2012

J Nutr Disorders Ther

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“…However, this latter explanation would be inconsistent with the robust differences we found between Notably, some variables had no association with unhealthy weight among children with ASDs. In contrast to previous studies, 70,74 there was no significant association between severity of ASD symptoms, and neither adaptive nor intellectual functioning was associated with overweight or obesity in multivariate models. In contrast to studies of typically developing children 75,76 but consistent with previous research in children with ASDs, 77 GI problems were not linked to overweight or obesity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Obesity and Autism

Hill¹,

2015

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OBJECTIVE: Overweight and obesity are increasingly prevalent in the general pediatric population. Evidence suggests that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may be at elevated risk for unhealthy weight. We identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a multisite clinical sample of children with ASDs and explore concurrent associations with variables identified as risk factors for unhealthy weight in the general population.METHODS: Participants were 5053 children with confirmed diagnosis of ASD in the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network. Measured values for weight and height were used to calculate BMI percentiles; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for BMI for gender and age were used to define overweight and obesity ($85th and $95th percentiles, respectively). RESULTS:In children age 2 to 17 years, 33.6% were overweight and 18% were obese. Compared with a general US population sample, rates of unhealthy weight were significantly higher among children with ASDs ages 2 to 5 years and among those of non-Hispanic white origin. Multivariate analyses revealed that older age, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, lower parent education levels, and sleep and affective problems were all significant predictors of obesity. CONCLUSIONS:Our results indicate that the prevalence of unhealthy weight is significantly greater among children with ASD compared with the general population, with differences present as early as ages 2 to 5 years. Because obesity is more prevalent among older children in the general population, these findings raise the question of whether there are different trajectories of weight gain among children with ASDs, possibly beginning in early childhood.WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may be at elevated risk for unhealthy weight. Samples of children with verified clinical diagnoses of ASD have been lacking, and associations with child behavior and functioning are not well understood.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Young children (2-5 years old) and adolescents (12-17 years old) with ASDs were at an elevated risk for unhealthy weight status compared with a general population sample. The presence of sleep or affective problems may confer increased risk among those with ASD.

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“…Different dietary patterns (caused by the unusual feeding behaviours) and preference for specific foods can lead to the development of under or overweight as well as nutritional imbalances (i.e. inadequate or excess intake of nutrients) [13][14][15]18,20,25,71,72]. This study gathered some data on the foods that the adolescents particularly liked eating or refrained from, but the number of selective adolescents [24] was not sufficient to establish a statistical relationship between inadequate intakes and food selectivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the current research proposes children with ASD may be at great risk or even greater risk for overweight and obesity in comparison to their typically developing (TD) peers [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The existing literature suggests that obesity is at least as high or higher in children with ASD than in TD ones [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and normal to High Body Mass Index (BMI)

Bicer¹,

Alsaffar²

2016

Integr Food Nutr Metab

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Dietary intake of 117 male adolescents (aged 12 to 18 years, residing in Istanbul, Turkey) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and classified as normal (n=39), overweight (n=39) and obese (n=39) according to BMI-for-age were assessed. Anthropometric measurements were taken and participants were asked to complete a general questionnaire, feeding assessment survey and three-day food records. Daily intakes of energy and nutrients were calculated using food records. The EAR-cut point method was used to investigate the prevalence of inadequacy and potential risk of excess. Dietary fibre, calcium, zinc and folate intake of many participants were below the DRI value. Prevalence of inadequacy for iron, vitamin A, B6 and C were lower than these nutrients. Daily consumption of sodium and cholesterol was higher than the recommendations. Percent DRI value for energy differed significantly in each BMI-for-age group (p<0.05) and was highest in the obese category. This category also had higher %DRI values for most vitamins and minerals. Percent energy values provided by macronutrients (AMDR) were not significantly different from each other across BMI-for-age categories and remained within the reference values.

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Nutrient Intake and Obesity in Children with Autism

Cited by 72 publications

References 18 publications

Nutrient Intake among Children with Autism

Nutrient Intake among Children with Autism

Obesity and Autism

Dietary intake of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and normal to High Body Mass Index (BMI)

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