Nutritional Adequacy and Diet Quality Are Associated with Standardized Height-for-Age among U.S. Children

Abstract

Nutritional status affects linear growth and development. However, studies on the associations between nutritional status, diet quality, and age-standardized height in children are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between macro- and micronutrient intake and food consumption and height-for-age Z score (HAZ) among US children in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This cross-sectional population-based study included 6116 US children aged 2–18 years. The usual dietary intake of nutrients and food groups was estimated by the multiple source method (MSM) using two-day food consumption data from NHANES 2007–2014. After adjusting for covariates, HAZ was positively associated with intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins A, D, E, B6, and B12, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, and iron. Children in the highest tertile of HAZ were less likely to consume lower than the EAR for vitamin E and calcium. Major foods consumed by children with lower HAZ were soft drinks, high-fat milk products, cakes, cookies, pastries, and pies, whereas children with higher HAZ tended to consume low-fat milk products, tea, and low-calorie fruit juice. These findings suggest that adequate nutritional intake, diet quality, and nutrient-dense food are important factors for height in children.

Association Between Heavy Metals Exposure and Height in Chinese Preschoolers

“…Other studies also observed that Fe was associated with height in children. A cross-sectional study among US children (6116 children aged 2–18 years) reported that Fe intake was positively associated with height-for-age z score 22 . Although a prospective study in 2714 children aged 5 to 12 years demonstrated a relation between higher plasma Fe status and slower height growth in children 23 .…”

“…A cross-sectional study among US children (6116 children aged 2-18 years) reported that Fe intake was positively associated with height-for-age z score. 22 Although a prospective study in 2714 children aged 5 to 12 years demonstrated a relation between higher plasma Fe status and slower height growth in chil-dren. 23 Differences in the findings across studies may relate to the Fe status of children.…”

Особливості Харчування Хлопців Із Гіпоандрогенією Різного Ступеня

“…Однофакторний дисперсійний аналіз встановив позитивний вплив на довжину тіла хлопців щоденного вживання капусти та насіння соняшника (відповідно F = 3,02; р = 0,032 та F = 7,16; р = 0,015). Цікавих висновків дійшли Kim K. та співавтори (2021) у перехресному популяційному дослідженні зв'язку між станом харчування, якістю дієти та стандартизованим за віком зростом американських дітей віком від 2 до 18 років: основною їжею дітей з низьким зростом були молочні продукти з високим вмістом жиру, торти, печиво, тістечка та пироги, а з високим -знежирені молочні продукти, чай та низькокалорійні фруктові соки [22].…”

Observation of children's age to predict maximum height

“…Children must be able to grow and develop properly. Good growth will affect the movement carried out, such as exercising (Faria et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2021). The growth and development of children are expected to run simultaneously, both cognitive, affective, psychomotor, physiological, psychological, and social (Karra & Fink, 2019).…”