Nutritional ecology of endoparasitic insects and their hosts: An overview

Slansky, Frank

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(86)90036-3

Cited by 148 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, the developmental time of this species in A. fabae increases from first instar to adult (Ameri et al, 2012a), suggesting that wasps will have maximal fitness when second-instar nymphs are parasitized. The mechanisms underlying these patterns remain obscure, but likely derive from tradeoffs between a greater ease of overwhelming host defenses in early instars and greater resource availability in later instars of the host (Slansky, 1986;Sequeira & Mackauer, 1992a, b;Walker & Hoy, 2003). Thus, aphids in intermediate stages represent a balance of costs and benefits for parasitoid larvae, and aphidiinae wasps reared from second-instar aphids are typically most fit (Hagvar & Hofsvang, 1986;Kouame & Mackauer, 1991;Chau & Mackauer, 2000;Walker & Hoy, 2003;Xu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric indicators for quality assessment in the aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Body size is a standard criterion of quality control in insect rearing and often assumed to correlate with fitness in parasitoid wasps, but various metrics of body size can be used. The purpose of this study was to determine which morphological feature provides the best correlation with body size and egg load in a thelytokous population of the parasitoid wasp, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall), when reared on Aphis fabae Scopoli under standardized conditions in a growth chamber (21 ± 1°C, 60-70% RH, and 16L : 8D). Candidate metrics included head width, length and width of the pronotum, length and width of the right forewing, and length of the right hind tibia. In the first experiment, correlations were determined between these measurements and overall wasp body length. As head width and hind tibia length emerged as the most suitable proxies for total body length, the next experiment these two variables as proxies for egg load in females reared from different nymphal instars of the host aphid. There was a non-linear relationship between body size and egg load of wasps emerging from hosts parasitized in different nymphal instars. Egg load increased linearly with body size across all host growth stages, but the second nymphal instar was the most suitable stage for parasitism when speed of development was factored in. The results suggest that head width is a suitable morphometric for monitoring quality control in mass-reared cultures of this wasp.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric indicators for quality assessment in the aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

et al. 2013

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“…Parasitoids exploit a highly nutritious but finite resource and have been selected to optimize efficient use of this resource. Moreover, since parasitoid larvae are effectively sessile, the costs of metabolic activity are greatly reduced as compared to actively foraging predators (Slansky, 1986). It is also now known that parasitoid venoms, besides having a paralytic effect on the host, may also increase the accessibility and even quality of host resources as food for parasitoid progeny Tanaka, 2003, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing and contrasting life history and development strategies in the pupal hyperparasitoids Lysibia nana and Gelis agilis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Harvey

Witjes

2005

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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Since the concept of the 'niche' was proposed by Hutchinson almost 50 years ago, many researchers have investigated factors that enable species within 'guilds' (i.e., species that exploit a common resource and are likely to compete with one another) to co-exist and to persist. Here, development, host utilization, and life-history characteristics are compared in two species of solitary secondary hyperparasitoids, Lysibia nana and Gelis agilis, attacking pre-pupae of their primary parasitoid host, Cotesia glomerata. More than 80% of the host cocoons presented to L. nana successfully produced adult hyperparasitoids compared with only about 20% for G. agilis. Adult hyperparasitoid body mass increased with host mass, but there was little difference in the mean overall body mass of either species. However, egg-to-adult development time for L. nana was significantly less than that for G. agilis. When provided with unlimited food (honey solution), G. agilis had a lifespan that was almost twice that of L. nana. However, dissections of the ovaries of adult wasps at death revealed that L. nana usually had accumulated more than 20 mature eggs, whereas G. agilis was effectively sterile. We suggest that several eco-physiological factors, as well as differing degrees of specialization amongst the guild of secondary hyperparasitoids attacking C. glomerata cocoons, enable them to successfully co-exist in nature.

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“…For instance, the feeding rate of parasitized aphids increases significantly (Cloutier & Mackauer, 1979), and the composition of host haemolymph (e.g., amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates and osmolality), honeydew and fat body (e.g., glycogen) are usually altered after parasitisation (Cloutier & Mackauer, 1979;Slansky, 1986;Pennacchio et al, 1999;Falabella et al, 2000). These changes could be interpreted as a result of the differences in nutritional requirements of the parasitoid and its host.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased xylem ingestion and decreased phloem ingestion in the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) parasitised by Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Ramı́rez¹,

Villagra²,

Niemeyer³

2006

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The effects of parasitisation by Aphidius ervi on the feeding behaviour of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum were studied. There was progressive increase in the time devoted to xylem ingestion (G waveform) and concomitant decrease in time devoted to phloem ingestion (E2 waveform) in parasitized relative to unparasitized aphids, as the time from parasitisation increased. These changes are interpreted as a way aphids compensate for metabolic changes occurring during parasitisation.

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Nutritional ecology of endoparasitic insects and their hosts: An overview

Cited by 148 publications

References 51 publications

Morphometric indicators for quality assessment in the aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

Morphometric indicators for quality assessment in the aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

Comparing and contrasting life history and development strategies in the pupal hyperparasitoids Lysibia nana and Gelis agilis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Increased xylem ingestion and decreased phloem ingestion in the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) parasitised by Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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