Nutritional Epidemiological Study to Estimate Usual Intake and to Define Optimum Nutrient Profiling Choice in the Diet of Egyptian Youths

Abstract

Objectives: To define optimum food and nutrient profiling in gender-specific and age group-specific variant regression models. Setting: 481 subjects of both sexes (18.4 years old) from Giza urban were set. Design: Dietary assessment used the 24-h dietary recall data to calculate the estimated energy and (24) nutrients eaten by each individual. Four indices-food variety diversity score, healthy eating index (HEI), mean probability of nutrients adequacy (MPA) and nutrient rich food (NRF9.3) index score were used for assessing the profiling of the diet. Results: A total of 163 individual food items were consumed by the participants within the 24-h dietary recall with an average daily intake of (6.6) different food varieties. Grains were the top contributors of energy and 10 macro and micro nutrients followed by the meat group. Based on the MPA data, the mean acceptable intake (AI) of dietary calcium (32.9%) and vitamin C (30%) were limiting in the diet. The diet profiling consumed by the teenagers aged 14.8 years was inferior compared to that consumed by subjects aging 23.9 years. Linear regression analyses were conducted between the 4 indices as the dependent variable and all possible combinations of 16 nutrients of interest as independent variables. NRF9.3 was the optimum nutrient index and correlated negatively with markers of abdominal obesity. Conclusion: Implementation of nutrition intervention program was directed to youths to include age appropriate good healthy foods to decrease the risk of nutrient deficiencies.

Validation of the nutrient-rich foods index estimated by 24-h dietary recall method among adults in Henan province of China

“…A study on 2696 adults from the USA and the UK (32) showed that the NRF index was negatively related to BMI, which was consistent with our findings. And a study in Egyptian youths showed that NRF9•3 index was correlated negatively with markers of abdominal obesity (33) , which was different from our results, while a study consisting of 4969 Dutch participants aging > 55 years reported positive correlation between NRF index score and BMI (34) , WC and WHR (34) . Causative factors for this discrepancy include underreporting of food intake among the obese participants, unique different characteristics of the participants such as race, age, gender and health status; different cut-off points of obesity; different methodologies of statistical analysis and adjustment of possible confounding factors; variation in the definition of some food ingredients such as differentiation between added sugars (32) and total sugars (34) .…”

Association of dietary patterns, anthropometric measurements, and metabolic parameters with C-reactive protein and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in middle-aged and older adults with metabolic syndrome in Taiwan: a cross-sectional study

“…Several studies have investigated the effect of dietary patterns, anthropometric measurements, or metabolic parameters on inflammatory markers [ 18 , 19 ]. However, the study investigated all these factors in metabolic syndrome population using CRP and NLR as the indicators of inflammation was still rare.…”

The development of a dietary nutrient density educational tool and the investigation of its acceptance by Chinese residents from Henan province

“…Nutrient-rich foods (NRF) index was a valid tool to assess the nutrient density of individual foods and also to assess the total diet [4,12,13] . Diets with high NRF index score protect against central obesity [14] and higher body mass index (BMI) [4,15] , and was inversely associated with all-cause mortality [16] .…”