The laser Doppler technique, most frequently referred to as a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) or laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV), is a wide‐spread technique for point‐wise velocity measurements in a flow with fluid markers. Some decisive advantages of the technique over more conventional probe‐based techniques can be mentioned: non‐intrusiveness, directional sensitivity, high spatial and temporal resolution, and high accuracy. In this chapter the fundamental principles of laser Doppler velocimetry will be introduced, including a discussion of optical arrangements, signal generation, signal processing, and data processing. Particular attention will be given to applications in aerodynamic flows, in which the introduction of tracer particles and the velocity bandwidth of the instrument demand special attention. Also, the challenge of performing point measurements with high spatial resolution in large facilities will be addressed.