Nylon 610/functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube composite prepared from in‐situ interfacial polymerization

Abstract

Pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (P‐MWNTs) were functionalized with 4‐chlorobenzoic acid via “direct” Friedel‐Crafts acylation in polyphosphoric acid (PPA)/phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5) medium. The resultant 4‐chlorobenzoyl‐functionalized MWNTs (F‐MWNTs) were soluble in chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. A large scale of nylon 610/F‐MWNT composite could be conveniently prepared by in situ interfacial polymerization of 1, 6‐hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) in an aqueous phase, and sebacoyl chloride with F‐MWNTs in an organic phase. Similarly, nylon 610/P‐MWNT composite was also prepared for comparison. The state of F‐MWNTs dispersion in nylon 610 matrix was distinctively better than that of P‐MWNTs, which could be clearly discerned by both naked eye and scanning electron microcopy (SEM). As a result, the tensile strength of nylon 610/F‐MWNT composite was 4.9‐fold higher than that of nylon 610/P‐MWNT composite. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6041–6050, 2008

Mild and Nondestructive Chemical Modification of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Direct Friedel-Crafts Acylation Reaction

“…Recently, the functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with small molecules containing benzoic acid [9,13,26] via direct Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction in PPA/P 2 O 5 have been successfully demonstrated by Baek et al For providing a fundamental concept on the relationship between structure and reactivity, a reactivity hierarchy of 4-substituted benzoic acids with multi-walled carbon nanoubes (MWCNTs) in the reaction condition has been systematically investigated [9]. Accordingly, 10 different kinds of benzoic acids with various different functionalities to 4-position of benzoic acids such as amine, hydroxyl, ethoxy, methoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo and nitro groups were selected for the functionalization (Figure 2-left).…”

“…The pilot scale preparation of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET)/4-ethyoxybenzoyl modified MWCNTs composited was successfully demonstrated [30]. Various systems such as polycarbonate/4-hydroxybenzoyl modified MWCNTs, polyester thermoplastic elastomer/4-chlorobenzoyl modified MWCNTs [31], epoxy (EPON 828)/4-aminobenzoyl modified MWCNTs [32], poly(3-hexylthiophene)/4-hydroxybenzoyl modified MWCNTs [33] and Nylon 610/4-chlorobenzoyl modified MWCNTs composites were prepared via either in situ or interfacial polymerizations [26]. Furthermore, various conducting polymers such as polyaniline [11,[34][35] and polypyrrole [36] have also been successfully grafted onto 4-aminobenzoyl modified MWCNTs as an anchoring sites via in situ polymerization.…”

Preparation, properties and application of polyamide/carbon nanotube nanocomposites

“…79 Nylon 6,10 nanocomposites with functionalized SWCNTs were synthesized by interfacial in situ polycondensation ( Figure 6). 80 The SWCNTs were functionalized with alkyl acid chloride groups for the nanoscale manipulation of the 81 A large scale of nylon 6,10/F-MWCNTs composite could be conveniently prepared by in situ interfacial polymerization of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine in an aqueous phase, and sebacoyl chloride with F-MWCNTs in an organic phase. 81 Nylon 6,6/CNTs Composites.…”

“…80 The SWCNTs were functionalized with alkyl acid chloride groups for the nanoscale manipulation of the 81 A large scale of nylon 6,10/F-MWCNTs composite could be conveniently prepared by in situ interfacial polymerization of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine in an aqueous phase, and sebacoyl chloride with F-MWCNTs in an organic phase. 81 Nylon 6,6/CNTs Composites. Nylon 6,6 is a commercially important thermoplastic that cannot be solvent processed with nanotubes because it is soluble in only a few solvents that either do not suspend nanotubes, (for example, formic acid) or might even damage the nanotubes (for example, sulfuric acid).…”

Electrical and mechanical properties of polyethylene/MWCNT composites produced by polymerization using Cp2ZrCl2 supported on MWCNTs

“…To this end, various methods such as ultrasonication, 17,18 surfactant-processing, 19 solution blending, 20,21 melt blending and in situ polymerization have been studied. [22][23][24][25][26] However, simultaneous achievement of the uniform dispersion and the maintenance of unique properties of CNT strands have been hampered either by easy bundling of CNT strands driven by van der Waals force and π-π stacking or by the deterioration of the unique properties of pristine CNTs and thus have been a challenge. 20-31 Therefore, we have been trying to develop a simple method for preparing multiwalled CNT (MWCNT)/polyethylene (PE) composites with uniform dispersion and pristine structure of individual CNT strands, disclosing the usefulness of in situ polymerization with a metallocene (Cp 2 ZrCl 2 , Cp: cyclopentadienyl) immobilized onto pristine MWCNTs.…”