O médico brasileiro José Pinto de Azeredo (1766?-1810) e o exame químico da atmosfera do Rio de Janeiro

Pinto, Manuel; Cecchini, Marco Antonio G; Malaquias, Isabel; Moreira-Nordemann, L. M.; Pita, João Rui

doi:10.1590/s0104-59702005000300002

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Angola was the first African country to graduate medical students during a short-lived experiment in the eighteenth century [ 16 , 17 ]. But it was not until 1963 that medical education was reintroduced at the same time as in Mozambique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise of medical training in Portuguese speaking African countries

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMedical training has shown to be strategic for strengthening health systems, especially in those countries identified to have critical shortage of human resources for health. In the past few years, several studies have been conducted to characterize and identify major challenges faced by medical schools worldwide, and particularly in Africa. Nevertheless, none has previously addressed medical training issues in Portuguese Speaking African Countries (PSAC). The aim of this study was to establish baseline knowledge of the PSAC’s medical schools in terms of creation and ownership, programmes offered, applicants and registered students, barriers to increased intake of students, teaching workforce and available resources.MethodsA quantitative, observational, multicentric, cross-sectional study of all medical schools active in 2012 in the PSAC. An adapted version of the questionnaires developed by Chen et al. (2012) was sent to all medical schools electronically. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of nine medical schools answered the questionnaire (three from Angola, two from Guinea Bissau and four from Mozambique). Since 2006 an effort has been made to increase the number of medical trainees. Besides the medical degree offered by all schools, some offered other undergraduate and postgraduate training programmes. The number of applicants to medical schools largely outnumbers the available vacancies in all countries but insufficient infrastructures and lack of teaching personnel are important constraints to increase vacancies. The teaching personnel are mainly trained abroad, employed part-time by the medical school and do not have a PhD qualification.ConclusionGovernments in the PSAC have significantly invested in training to address medical shortages. However, medical schools are still struggling to give an adequate and effective response. Developing a local postgraduate training capacity for doctors might be an important strategy to help retain medical doctors in the home country and develop local faculty capacity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise of medical training in Portuguese speaking African countries

et al. 2014

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“…2. Pinto et al (2005Pinto et al ( , 2006 the French Minister of Finance assure that even if the said acid dissolves sometimes a very small portion of gold that cannot be harmful to the mints as the necessary circumstances to that dissolution are strange, and ignored in the assays made there: : :' (Vandelli, 1898a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for Modernization-Instruments in the Development of Earth Sciences in Portugal (18th Century)

Malaquias¹,

Pinto²

2011

Centaurus

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In the 1700s the Portuguese government endorsed a mercantilist vision of the kingdom's wealth based in part on an industrialization process relying on mineral resources. The production cycles of gold and diamonds in colonial Brazil were declining and new methods and instruments were needed to revitalize the mining industry. A new enlightened citizen was required and a reform of institutions took place, namely the University of Coimbra. The Lisbon Academy of Sciences and the Ajuda Museum also favoured scientific studies. The quantification spirit of the time helped support the careful practices used in the analyses of minerals, ores and water. Preparing naturalists to travel in Portugal and her colonies was also a task of the institutions, supplemented by prolonged study periods in reputed European centres to get a better education in earth sciences. Books, instruments, mineralogical collections, models and machines were acquired. Several authors wrote about mineralogy, mining, docimasy and metallurgy, while referring to instruments. The circulation of knowledge and instruments came to be one of the important means for modernization, and determined the use of several instruments, such as the barometer and the balance, while the new programme of education was itself a powerful instrument.

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“…Há um contraste enorme entre esta postura de Barbacena, de estudar por livros e não pela natureza, com aquela do médico brasileiro José Pinto de Azeredo, seu contemporâneo, que em 1790 publicou um longo trabalho experimental de 30 páginas sobre seus experimentos a respeito da atmosfera do Rio de Janeiro em 9 locais distintos da cidade, medindo os teores de oxigênio e de gás carbônico, para determinar a "bondade" do ar, que seria tanto maior quanto maior fosse o teor do primeiro e menor o do segundo. 16,17,18 Para o Abade Correia da Serra, contudo, Barbacena era "moço de grandes esperanças", que fazia "tanta honra à escola donde saiu como à Academia em que entra". 19 Como secretário da Academia, a atuação de Barbacena parece ter sido bastante eficaz, merecendo portanto os elogios de Correia da Serra.…”

Section: Figura 2 a Tese De Doutoramento Em Química De Teotônio Joséunclassified

O Visconde de Barbacena e o químico José Álvares Maciel: encontro na ciência e desencontro na política

Araújo

Filgueiras

2017

Quim. Nova

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THE VISCOUNT OF BARBACENA AND JOSÉ ÁLVARES MACIEL: CONNECTION IN SCIENCE AND DISCONNECTION IN POLITICS. These two men were former natural philosophy students from the University of Coimbra. Barbacena finished in 1775 and obtained a doctorate in 1776, whereas Maciel graduated in 1785 and then did scientific and industrial work in Portugal and England. The Viscount was a founder member of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences in 1779, and its secretary for 9 years. Both came to Brazil in 1788, when the Viscount was named Governor of Minas Gerais. Insofar as gold production was falling drastically, the Governorto-be saw in Maciel the right person to start a comprehensive survey of the mineral potential of his domain. Soon after their arrival their lives parted. Without leaving his scientific pursuits, Maciel became embroiled in the planned uprising known as Inconfidência Mineira and was arrested in late 1789. His promising scientific career was aborted at the age of 29 and he was sentenced to exile in Africa. His despondency contributed to an early death at 43. The Viscount's fate is also gloomy, for in Brazil he is hardly remembered today for any devotion to science, but mainly as the harsh persecutor of patriots.

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O médico brasileiro José Pinto de Azeredo (1766?-1810) e o exame químico da atmosfera do Rio de Janeiro

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

The rise of medical training in Portuguese speaking African countries

The rise of medical training in Portuguese speaking African countries

Searching for Modernization-Instruments in the Development of Earth Sciences in Portugal (18th Century)

O Visconde de Barbacena e o químico José Álvares Maciel: encontro na ciência e desencontro na política

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