Obesity and cognitive decline: role of inflammation and vascular changes

Nguyen, Jason; Killcross, Simon; Jenkins, Trisha A.

doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00375

Cited by 333 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…43 Low-grade systemic inflammation with overproduction of inflammatory cytokines in individuals with IR 44 can contribute to cognitive decline and dementia. 45 Interleukin (IL)-1b and IL-6 have been found to disrupt neural circuits involved in cognition and memory 46,47 and elevated plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-12 levels associated with impaired processing speed and executive function at the Stroop Interference and digit symbol testing in a group of elderly participants. 48 A recent meta-analysis confirmed the association between raised levels of CRP and IL-6 and increased risk of dementia.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity in Childhood

Luciano¹,

Barraco²,

Muraca³

et al. 2015

PEDIATRICS

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OBJECTIVE: To answer the question of whether onset of insulin resistance (IR) early in life enhances the risk of developing dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD), serum levels of 2 molecules that are likely associated with development of AD, the amyloid b-protein 42 (Ab42) and presenilin 1 (PSEN1), were estimated in 101 preschoolers and 309 adolescents of various BMI.METHODS: Participants (215 boys; 48.8%) were normal weight (n = 176; 40%), overweight (n = 135; 30.7%), and obese (n = 129; 29.3%). The HOmeostasis Model of IR (HOMA-IR), HOMA percent b-cell function (HOMA-b) and QUantitative Insulin-sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) were calculated. RESULTS:Obese adolescents had values of Ab42 higher than overweight and normal-weight peers (190.2 6 9.16 vs 125.9 6 7.38 vs 129.5 6 7.65 pg/mL; P , .0001) as well as higher levels of PSEN1 (2.34 6 0.20 vs 1.95 6 0.20 vs 1.65 6 0.26 ng/mL; P , .0001). Concentrations of Ab42 were significantly correlated with BMI (r = 0.262; P , .0001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.261; P , .0001) and QUICKI (r = 20.220; P , .0001). PSEN1 levels were correlated with BMI (r = 0.248; P , .0001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.242; P , .0001), and QUICKI (r = 20.256; P , .0001). Western blot analysis confirmed that PSEN1 assays measured the full-length protein.CONCLUSION: Obese adolescents with IR present higher levels of circulating molecules that might be associated with increased risk of developing later in elderly cognitive impairment, dementia, and AD. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Insulin resistance plays a role in obesity. Recently it has been associated with increased risk of AD. Ab42 and PSEN1 are molecules associated with increased risk of later AD. Patients affected by AD show elevated levels of plasma Ab42.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Levels of Ab42 and PSEN1 are significantly elevated in obese adolescents and correlated with the degree of both adiposity and systemic insulin resistance. Dr Manco conceptualized and designed the study, performed assays, analyzed data and interpreted results, contributed to the discussion, and critically revised the manuscript; Ms Luciano and Ms Barraco conceptualized and designed the study, performed assays, analyzed data and interpreted results, and drafted the manuscript; Drs Muraca, Ottino, Sforza, Rustico, and Morino and Ms Spreghini enrolled patients, collected growth data, and revised the manuscript for important intellectual content; and all authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. This condition has been termed as "brain insulin resistance" and seems to be a constant trait that precedes clinical symptoms of dementia and AD even for decades. Researchers refer to AD also as "type 3 diabetes" by virtue of the analogous brain glucose hypometabolism that characterizes both conditions and the high rate of their co-occurrence. 1,4,5 Patients with T2D exhibit an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia and, vice versa, impaired fasting glucose and diabetes are highly prevalent among patients...

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity in Childhood

Luciano¹,

Barraco²,

Muraca³

et al. 2015

PEDIATRICS

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“…Salthouse in 2009 reported that the declination of cognitive function in healthy educated adults begin in 20 years or early 30 years. The middle-age people with obesity recalled less number of words measured by the word-list learning test than normal (Nguyen, Killcross, & Jenkins, 2014). They spent more time to complete digitsymbol substitution test than normal (Cournot et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

G7-1　Association between sedentary behavior, metabolic profiles and cognitive function in office workers

Pritivichakarn

Nuntapornsak

Bunprajun

et al. 2017

The Japanese journal of ergonomics

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Office workers have insufficient physical activity ( PA) and high amount of sedentary behavior ( SB) . Several studies reported the association between PA, SB, and abdominal obesity in health adults. They also found that abdominal obesity was associated with poor cognitive function. However, less number of study determine the association between PA, SB, body composition, metabolic profiles, and cognitive function in office workers. The objective of this study was to study the association between PA, SB, body compositions, metabolic profiles, and cognitive function in office workers. A total of 22 office workers were recruited from Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University. Data were age, gender, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist to height ratio (WHtR). Moderate to vigorous PA and duration of performance were recorded. SB was the amount of sitting time during work, leisure activity, and commute. The percentage of body fat, muscle mass ( kg) , and basal metabolic rate were measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We used the data of annual medical check-up data for metabolic profiles (i.e., LDL, HDL, and fasting blood glucose). Subjects were assessed four domains of cognitive function including memory, language, executive function, and information processing speed domains. Data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. Our results demonstrated that amount of sitting time during leisure, body composition, LDL, and total cholesterol were negative correlated with cognitive function including language and executive domains. High calories expenditure was reported in overweight/obese compared to normal. Future study should investigate the amount of sitting time influenced on metabolic profiles and cognitive function.

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“…Cognitive function may be partially modifiable via lifestyle behaviors. For instance, certain health characteristics, such as physical activity [5][6][7], smoking [8], and weight status [9], have all been shown to be individually associated with cognitive function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Health Characteristics on Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Edwards¹,

Edwards²,

Joyner³

et al. 2017

J Behav Health

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Individual health characteristics, namely, physical activity, smoking, and weight status, have a positive effect on cognitive function, especially during the aging process. However, fewer studies have evaluated the combined associations of these health characteristics on cognitive function among older adults, which was this study's purpose. Data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used (N = 2,370 adults 60+ years). Clinical measures were assessed using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), self-reported physical activity, and smoking status. Weight status was evaluated based on measured body mass index. Being a non-smoker [β = 2.44; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.03-4.92; P = 0.05] and meeting the physical activity guidelines (β = 5.73; 95% CI: 4.34-7.12; P < 0.001) were independently associated with DSST. There was also an evidence of an additive association of these three health characteristics on cognitive function. The highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [area under the curve (AUC)] was observed among those who met physical activity guidelines (AUC = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.57-0.61) compared to smoking status (receiver operator characteristic = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.49-0.52) or weight status (AUC = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.47-0.51). Weight status and smoking are independently associated with cognitive function, and individuals with all three evaluated health characteristics (non-smoking, normal weight, and active) had the highest cognitive function. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Obesity and cognitive decline: role of inflammation and vascular changes

Cited by 333 publications

References 145 publications

Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity in Childhood

Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity in Childhood

G7-1　Association between sedentary behavior, metabolic profiles and cognitive function in office workers

Multiple Health Characteristics on Cognitive Function in Older Adults

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Obesity and cognitive decline: role of inflammation and vascular changes

Cited by 333 publications

References 145 publications

Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity in Childhood

Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity in Childhood

G7-1 Association between sedentary behavior, metabolic profiles and cognitive function in office workers

Multiple Health Characteristics on Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

G7-1　Association between sedentary behavior, metabolic profiles and cognitive function in office workers