Obesity Is Associated with Severe Disease and Mortality in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Cai, Zhongxiang; Yang, Yan; Zhang, Jingjing

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-122534/v1

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Similar to our finding, other studies have highlighted that obesity is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 [59,60]. Along the same lines, for COVID-19 patients, even if different across countries, obesity was one of the main risk factors associated with hospitalization and the critical evolution of the disease [11,[61][62][63][64][65]. Compared with nonobese patients, obese patients had a significantly increased risk of infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Compared with nonobese patients, obese patients had a significantly increased risk of infection. Clinically severe disease and mortality [11,62,[64][65][66] and obesity may be clinical predictors for adverse outcomes [14,63]. The explanation for this is the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on pulmonary function in patients with obesity and severe obesity, in which obesity is associated with decreased expiratory reserve volume, functional capacity and respiratory system compliance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of good governance, economic growth and universal health coverage on COVID-19 infection and case fatality rates in Africa

Gebremichael

Hailu

Letebo³

et al. 2022

Health Res Policy Sys

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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted lives across all countries and communities. It significantly reduced the global economic output and dealt health systems across the world a serious blow. There is growing evidence showing the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact it has on health systems, which should help to draw lessons for further consolidating and realizing universal health coverage (UHC) in all countries, complemented by more substantial government commitment and good governance, and continued full implementation of crucial policies and plans to avert COVID-19 and similar pandemic threats in the future. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess the impact of good governance, economic growth and UHC on the COVID-19 infection rate and case fatality rate (CFR) among African countries. Methods We employed an analytical ecological study design to assess the association between COVID-19 CFR and infection rate as dependent variables, and governance, economic development and UHC as independent variables. We extracted data from publicly available databases (i.e., Worldometer, Worldwide Governance Indicators, Our World in Data and WHO Global Health Observatory Repository). We employed a multivariable linear regression model to examine the association between the dependent variables and the set of explanatory variables. STATA version 14 software was used for data analysis. Results All 54 African countries were covered by this study. The median observed COVID-19 CFR and infection rate were 1.65% and 233.46%, respectively. Results of multiple regression analysis for predicting COVID-19 infection rate indicated that COVID-19 government response stringency index (β = 0.038; 95% CI 0.001, 0.076; P = 0.046), per capita gross domestic product (GDP) (β = 0.514; 95% CI 0.158, 0.87; P = 0.006) and infectious disease components of UHC (β = 0.025; 95% CI 0.005, 0.045; P = 0.016) were associated with COVID-19 infection rates, while noncommunicable disease components of UHC (β = −0.064; 95% CI −0.114; −0.015; P = 0.012), prevalence of obesity among adults (β = 0.112; 95% CI 0.044; 0.18; P = 0.002) and per capita GDP (β = −0.918; 95% CI −1.583; −0.254; P = 0.008) were associated with COVID-19 CFR. Conclusions The findings indicate that good governance practices, favourable economic indicators and UHC have a bearing on COVID-19 infection rate and CFR. Effective health system response through a primary healthcare approach and progressively taking measures to grow their economy and increase funding to the health sector to mitigate the risk of similar future pandemics would require African countries to move towards UHC, improve governance practices and ensure economic growth in order to reduce the impact of pandemics on populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of good governance, economic growth and universal health coverage on COVID-19 infection and case fatality rates in Africa

Gebremichael

Hailu

Letebo³

et al. 2022

Health Res Policy Sys

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“…Chronic inflammation in obesity initially occurs in adipose tissue, but later this process progresses to systemic inflammation. 18 There was a difference in the median values of inflammatory markers procalcitonin, IL-6 and D-dimer, which were higher in the obese group than non-obese, while the median value of ferritin was lower in the obese group than in the non-obese group, but the difference was not statistically significant. 24 The underlying mechanisms involve abnormalities in the balance of leptin and adiponectin, increased ACE-2 expression, altered pulmonary physiology and impaired lung function that may promote the development of respiratory viral infections in obese patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Association between Obesity and COVID-19 Outcomes in the Intensive Care Unit of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Wang¹,

Anggrainy²,

Mizarti³

2022

J Respirol Indones

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Background: Obesity is one of the risk factors for severe clinical COVID-19. This is because these patients tend to have comorbidities such as metabolic disease and cardiovascular disease. Obesity may result in poor outcomes, such as prolonged hospital stays, higher incidence of ARDS and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between obesity and the outcome of confirmed COVID-19 patients.Methods: This was an analytical study with retrospective cohort design on COVID-19 patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU)of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Data were taken from patients’ medical records between November 2021 and February 2022. The correlation between obesity with length of stay and patient mortality was analyzed using Chi-square test. Odds ratio was also assessed.Results: This study obtained that the characteristics of obese COVID-19 patients were mainly women (54.20%). The most dominant age group was 60-69 years (31.3%). About83.3% of obese patients were found to be clinically critical. Inflammatory markers such as procalcitonin, ferritin, IL-6 and d-dimer were not significantly associated with obesity. Diabetes mellitus was significantly related to the outcome of COVID-19 patients with obesity and without obesity (0.009%). Obesity was not correlated with hospital length of stay of COVID-19 patients, but was significantly associated with length of stay in the ICU [OR 3.67 (95% CI, 1.09-12.35)]. Obesity was significantly associated with mortality [OR 2.84 (95% CI, 1.12-7.18)] and length of conversion for COVID-19 patients in the ICU [OR 30.00 (95% CI, 2.85-31, 61)]. The expansion of adipose tissue both subcutaneously and viscerally which could be observed in obese patients can increase the proinflammatory, prothrombotic, and vasoconstrictive state that might affect the clinical deterioration of COVID-19 patients. This condition also manifests as insulin resistance, hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and immunocompromised conditions which can generate high mortality rate.Conclusion: Obesity was found to be significantly associated with mortality, conversion time and length of stay for COVID-19 patients in the ICU.

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“…In the logistic regression, gender (male) was associated with HFNO success, and Table 2 indicates that the rate of obesity was 2.6 time smaller in males compared to females. The negative impact of obesity on the outcome of COVID-19 has been largely described, and this comorbid condition is associated with many technical difficulties in front of a respiratory failure [9,10].…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia in Elderly Patients: Success Rate of Compassioned Use of High Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy

Fabre¹,

Tardieu²,

Ouissa³

et al. 2023

Aging and disease

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Obesity Is Associated with Severe Disease and Mortality in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Impact of good governance, economic growth and universal health coverage on COVID-19 infection and case fatality rates in Africa

Impact of good governance, economic growth and universal health coverage on COVID-19 infection and case fatality rates in Africa

Association between Obesity and COVID-19 Outcomes in the Intensive Care Unit of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia in Elderly Patients: Success Rate of Compassioned Use of High Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy

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