Obesity without Established Comorbidities of the Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated with a Proinflammatory and Prothrombotic State, Even before the Onset of Puberty in Children

Mauras, Nelly; DelGiorno, Charles; Kollman, Craig; Bird, Keisha; Morgan, Melissa A.; Sweeten, Shawn; Balagopal, Prabhakaran; Damaso, Ligeia

doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1887

Cited by 100 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In contrast to a few reports conducted in Caucasian cohorts (15,19) and despite the higher IL6 concentrations detected in the abdominally obese children, we found no positive association between its levels and the adiposity measures or cardiometabolic risk factors. TNF-a was also unrelated to the abdominal obesity of our participants and had an independent predictive value only for the decreased concentrations of HDL-C.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…This hypothesis has partially been proven by a longitudinal study of 118 healthy children, which found raised IL6 levels in 15-year-old overweight/obese girls with no difference at the age of 8 years (34). In our prepubertal group, the concentrations of all investigated inflammatory markers did not show significant gender differences and thus confirmed other international reports in children (15,18,25).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…A number of studies have investigated the relationship between the circulating levels of adipokines, anthropometric indices and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children and adolescents (10,11). However, the majority of these have been limited mainly to associations between crude measures of adiposity such as body mass index (BMI) and CRP as a marker for an increased risk of coronary artery disease (12,13), reporting age diversity of the participants (14,15) or inconsistent results (16,17). Less is known about the presence of low-grade systemic inflammation in healthy children with central obesity and on its potential associations with various cardiometabolic alterations before the onset of puberty (18,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulating proinflammatory peptides related to abdominal adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy prepubertal children

Galcheva¹,

Iotova²,

Yotov

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objectives: To analyze the circulating levels of proinflammatory peptides in healthy prepubertal children in relation to abdominal obesity, measured by waist circumference (WC), and to investigate their interactions with cardiometabolic risk factors. Design and methods: A cross-sectional study of 137 healthy prepubertal children with a mean age of 8.0G0.1 years divided into three groups according to their WC as a measure of abdominal obesity: 'normal-WC' children (25th-75th percentile, nZ48), 'children at risk' (75th-90th percentile, nZ39), and 'abdominally obese' (R90th percentile, nZ50) children. Auxological measurements and blood pressure (BP) were taken. Fasting levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were measured. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Results: Abdominally obese children had significantly higher BP, insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) compared with their normal-WC counterparts (P!0.05). HsCRP concentrations increased proportionally with the degree of abdominal obesity (rZ0.443, P!0.0001), whereas IL6 and TNF-a were not significantly associated with any of the adiposity variables. After controlling for adiposity, hsCRP was significantly correlated with systolic BP (rZ0.257, PZ0.004), TNF-a levels were related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; rZK0.216, PZ0.016) and TG (rZ0.196, PZ0.029), whereas the relationship between IL6 and HDL-C reduced its magnitude to an insignificant level (rZK0.173, PZ0.055). Conclusions: Healthy prepubertal children with abdominal obesity have associated inflammatory and cardiometabolic alterations, interacting with each other.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulating proinflammatory peptides related to abdominal adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy prepubertal children

Galcheva¹,

Iotova²,

Yotov

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The involvement of inflammation in the development of insulin resistance [14][15][16] and the pro-inflammatory effects of bacterial components present within tissues [4] suggest that the role played by tissue bacteria in relation to diabetes and its complications should be explored. Indeed, experimental data have already linked the metabolic syndrome with gut microbiota and innate immunity against infectious (12) 19 (15) a Systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg and/or antihypertensive treatment b n=38 missing data diseases [3,4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of tissue bacteria in the onset of diabetes in humans: evidence for a concept

Amar

Sérino²,

Lange³

et al. 2011

Diabetologia

288

213

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Aims/hypothesis Evidence suggests that bacterial components in blood could play an early role in events leading to diabetes. To test this hypothesis, we studied the capacity of a broadly specific bacterial marker (16S rDNA) to predict the onset of diabetes and obesity in a general population. Methods Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (D.E.S.I.R.) is a longitudinal J. Amar and M. Serino contributed equally to this study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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“…Moreover, some non-classical factors such as plasma uric acid elevation have been associated with features of insulin resistance; indeed, it has been suggested that uric acid could be a key link for the diagnosis of MetS in obese prepubertal children (5) . The homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), apo-A1 and apo-B (5)(6)(7) , transaminases (8) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (9) are also altered in children with MetS, but they are considered non-traditional features of MetS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-traditional markers of metabolic risk in prepubertal children with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness

Llorente-Cantarero

Pérez-Navero

Benítez-Sillero

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess classical and non-classical metabolic risk biomarkers in prepubertal children with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Design: CRF was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test. To estimate physical activity, participants were observed while engaged in an after-school programme. Additionally, a short test based on a validated questionnaire was used to obtain information about physical activity practice and sedentary habits. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and classical and non-traditional metabolic risk biomarkers -plasma lipid profile, glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), plasma uric acid, transaminases and C-reactive protein (CRP) -were measured. Setting: The study was conducted in local elementary schools in Córdoba, Spain. Subjects: One hundred and forty-one healthy children (eighty-eight boys, fiftythree girls) aged 7-12 years, in Tanner stage I, were recruited. They were divided into two groups after they performed the 20 m shuttle run test: equal or higher cardiovascular fitness (EHCF) group and low cardiovascular fitness (LCF) group. Results: The LCF group displayed significantly higher TAG (P 5 0?004) and lower HDL cholesterol levels (P 5 0?001), as well as significantly lower values for the non-traditional lipid marker apo-A1 (P 5 0?001) compared with the EHCF group. The LCF children displayed higher plasma glucose (P 5 0?003) and insulin levels, higher HOMA-IR scores (P , 0?001) and higher plasma uric acid and CRP levels (P , 0?05). After adjustment for BMI, age and sex, no statistically significant differences were found between groups for the biomarkers analysed. Conclusions: The study provides new information to understand the role not only of weight status but also of the level of CRF on the metabolic health profile of prepubertal children. Keywords Physical fitness Physical activity Metabolic biomarkers ChildhoodThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors driven by peripheral insulin resistance. Data from recent studies involving a population of children and adolescents indicate that the prevalence of MetS varies between 3 % and 12 % (1)

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Obesity without Established Comorbidities of the Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated with a Proinflammatory and Prothrombotic State, Even before the Onset of Puberty in Children

Abstract: Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS)-related comorbidities in obesity, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance, are increasingly recognized in children, predisposing them to early cardiovascular disease.

Cited by 100 publications

References 45 publications

Circulating proinflammatory peptides related to abdominal adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy prepubertal children

Circulating proinflammatory peptides related to abdominal adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy prepubertal children

Involvement of tissue bacteria in the onset of diabetes in humans: evidence for a concept

Non-traditional markers of metabolic risk in prepubertal children with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness

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