“…There are many kinds of optimization algorithms applied to the design of the DOEs, such as the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm [1,2] and its modified versions [3][4][5][6][7][8], the Yang-Gu algorithm [9,10], the simulated annealing algorithm [11,12], and the genetic algorithm [13]. The sampling interval Δ on the output plane is always chosen as Δ λf ∕D, here λ is the incident laser wavelength, f is the focal length of the Fourier transform lens, and D is the size of the DOE, and generally speaking, the size of the incident beam is larger than that of the DOE.…”