Observations on the Conglutinates of Ptychobranchus greeni (Conrad, 1834) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoidea)

Hartfields, P.; Hartfield, Emily E.

doi:10.2307/2426721

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…For example, some freshwater mussels discharge glochidia in conglutinates, mucous‐like packages that resemble small worms or fish larvae (e.g. Kat 1984; Hartfield & Hartfield 1996), and entice a potential host with the prospect of food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeographic analysis of the threatened and endangered superconglutinate‐producing mussels of the genus Lampsilis (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

2001

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Several species of freshwater unionid mussels in the genus Lampsilis exhibit a remarkable reproductive strategy. Female mussels of these species enclose their larvae in a minnow-like lure, called a 'superconglutinate', to attract piscivorous fishes. When a fish attempts to ingest the superconglutinate the lure ruptures and the larvae are released to parasitize the fish. Of the four species of mussel which exhibit this strategy and are endemic to the Gulf Coast drainages of the southeastern United States, three are protected under the Endangered Species Act, and one is recognized as imperiled. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and the first subunit of the cytochrome oxidase c genes was conducted on 18 individual specimens representing these four species and six outgroup taxa. Phylogenetic analyses of these data support the monophyly of the superconglutinate-producing mussels, and indicates a strong geographical component to the data. The zoogeographic patterns of the four taxa included in the study are congruent with those seen in freshwater vertebrates, and are consistent with a vicariant pattern resulting from fluctuations in sea level during the Pleistocene. Despite the strong geographical structuring of the data, only one species, Lampsilis subangulata, was recovered as monophyletic. The authors attribute the lack of support for the monophyly of the remaining species to insufficient sequence variation and the recent origin of the ancestor of these taxa. Based on these data, any future captive breeding projects aimed at augmenting or re-establishing populations should do so only from the appropriate source populations so as to maintain the genetic integrity of these nascent species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeographic analysis of the threatened and endangered superconglutinate‐producing mussels of the genus Lampsilis (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

2001

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“…Some of the lampsiline genera have mantle modifications that function as fish lures or attractants (Kraemer 1970). Many also produce conglutinates of various shapes and sizes, which often mimic fish food items (e.g., Hartfield and Hartfield 1996, Hartfield and Butler 1997, Watters 1999.…”

Section: Anatomical and Morphological Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater bivalve (Unioniformes) diversity, systematics, and evolution: status and future directions

Bogan

Roe

2008

Journal of the North American Benthological Society

106

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Freshwater bivalves of the order Unioniformes represent the largest bivalve radiation in freshwater. The unioniform radiation is unique in the class Bivalvia because it has an obligate parasitic larval stage on the gills or fins of fish; it is divided into 6 families, 181 genera, and ∼800 species. These families are distributed across 6 of the 7 continents and represent the most endangered group of freshwater animals alive today. North American unioniform bivalves have been the subject of study and illustration since Martin Lister, 1686, and over the past 320 y, significant gains have been made in our understanding of the evolutionary history and systematics of these animals. Here, the current state of unioniform systematics and evolution is summarized, and suggestions for future research themes are proposed. Advancement in the areas of systematics and evolutionary relationships within the Unioniformes will require a resurgence of survey work and reevaluation of all taxa, especially outside of North America and Western Europe. This work will require collection of animals for shell morphology, comparative anatomy, and molecular analyses. Along with reexamination of described taxa, a renewed emphasis on the natural history, host-fish relationships, ecology, and physiology of these animals is needed. Traditional conchological and anatomical characters should be reevaluated, new character suites should be added, and new morphometric methods should be applied. The fossil record of freshwater bivalves should be carefully reviewed, and phylogenetic hypotheses including fossil taxa must be developed. We will have to expand our set of molecular tools to include or develop additional markers, such as single-copy nuclear genes and microsatellites. Examination of double uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is providing new insights into the evolution of this order. Mitochondrial gene order differs among genera but is still to be explored. Expansion of our understanding of the evolutionary relationships and history of unioniform bivalves will provide a solid foundation to study the zoogeography of these rather sessile, obligate freshwater organisms. The unique natural history of unioniform bivalves provides a fertile area for testing and developing evolutionary theories, and, as our understanding of the systematics of these animals improves, a better understanding of the evolution of this expansive radiation in freshwater will develop. Keywords Unioniformes, mussels, bivalves, macroinvertebrates, benthic, clams Abstract. Freshwater bivalves of the order Unioniformes represent the largest bivalve radiation in freshwater. The unioniform radiation is unique in the class Bivalvia because it has an obligate parasitic larval stage on the gills or fins of fish; it is divided into 6 families, 181 genera, and ;800 species. These families are distributed across 6 of the 7 continents and represent the most endangered group of freshwater animals alive today. North American unioniform bivalves hav...

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“…So far, this strategy is known only from some Anodontinae living frequently in lentic habitats. (4) Attracting fish by releasing glochidia within conglutinates which mimic fish food items like worms and leeches (Kat 1984) or dipteran larvae (Hartfield and Hartfield 1996). This strategy occurs among Unionidae and Hyriidae (Chap.…”

Section: Sexual Strategies Brooding and Host Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-History Variation on Different Taxonomic Levels of Naiads

Bauer¹

2001

Ecology and Evolution of the Freshwater Mussels Unionoida

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Observations on the Conglutinates of Ptychobranchus greeni (Conrad, 1834) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoidea)

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Phylogeographic analysis of the threatened and endangered superconglutinate‐producing mussels of the genus Lampsilis (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Phylogeographic analysis of the threatened and endangered superconglutinate‐producing mussels of the genus Lampsilis (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Freshwater bivalve (Unioniformes) diversity, systematics, and evolution: status and future directions

Life-History Variation on Different Taxonomic Levels of Naiads

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