Observations on the Shank Pigmentation of Chicks

Heiman, Victor; Tighe, L. W.

doi:10.3382/ps.0220102

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In trials 2 and 3 the high correlation of the visual score with the logarithm of the xanthophyll content per unit toe web area is in agreement with the results of Heiman and Tighe (1943). Under the specific lighting conditions used the 1965 model Roche yolk color fan worked very well up to a score of 9 which was deep yellow.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Pigmentation Potency of Xanthophyll Sources

et al. 1968

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Pigmentation Potency of Xanthophyll Sources

et al. 1968

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“…Livers were excised and homogenized in a similar manner. Toe web samples from one foot of each bird were collected by using a 3-mm diame-ter circular punch (Heiman and Tighe, 1943;Marusich and Bauernfeind, 1981). The circles of toe web (2 per chick and 4 per hen) were combined on a group basis for analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3′-Oxolutein, a Metabolite of Lutein in Chickens ,

et al. 1986

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3'-Oxolutein (3-hydroxy-3'-oxo-beta,epsilon-carotene) was isolated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from the tissues and egg yolks of chicken fed a diet high in lutein and free of detectable 3'-oxolutein. It was identified by HPLC retention time, absorption spectrum identical to lutein and its esters, disappearance under alkaline conditions without giving rise to lutein, formation of an alkali labile palmitate, formation of a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, and reduction to lutein from which the dipalmitate was prepared. In each instance the isolated compound behaved identically with authentic 3'-oxolutein prepared by nickel peroxide oxidation of lutein. The order of ratios of lutein to 3'-oxolutein in the various tissues from laboratory and field birds was, in general, intestinal contents greater than intestinal mucosa greater than serum greater than liver approximately toe web approximately egg yolk greater than bile. This order was consistent with the hypothesis that lutein was oxidized to 3'-oxolutein in the liver, which, at least in part, was excreted via the bile into the intestinal lumen where it was diluted with dietary lutein. The remainder of the 3'-oxolutein formed in the liver presumably went into the serum where it was transported to depot sites. The ratio of lutein to 3'-oxolutein in the toe webs of broilers varied with their diet and pigmentation status. Amounts of 3'-oxolutein were found in quail and turkey egg yolks. This previously unreported lutein oxidative capability of liver extends the previously known metabolic acylation and deacylation reactions in poultry.

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“…Many workers advocate pigment extraction and measurement with a spectrophotometer so as to be more objective. The extraction methods most frequently used are based on the technique of Heiman and Tighe (1943); this procedure has subsequently been modified by Wilgus (1954) and Day and Williams (1958). Recently Tortuero (1965) suggested that the trichromatic system of color definition could be used to measure broiler shank pigmentation.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Use of Beta-Apo-8′-Carotenoic Acid Ethyl Ester as a Standard for Determination of Xanthophyll Utilization from Natural Sources by Broilers

1972

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A synthetic pigment, beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid ethyl ester, was evaluated as a standard from which xanthophyll utilization by broilers could be determined for various feed ingredients. The ingredients tested were yellow corn, alfalfa meal, corn gluten meal, kenaf meal, marigold meal and canthaxanthin. Xanthophyll utilization from each ingredient was determined by comparison with standard curves developed for beta-apo-8'carotenoic acid ethyl ester at levels of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 grams per ton of feed. Pigmentation measurement of both skin and shanks was accomplished using visual scoring systems and a reflectance colorimeter.It was concluded that beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid ethyl ester could be used effectively as a standard in xanthophyll utilization studies. Both visual scoring and instrumental determinations of pigmentation appeared to be efficient in determining the xanthophyll utilization values.

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Observations on the Shank Pigmentation of Chicks

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

Pigmentation Potency of Xanthophyll Sources

Pigmentation Potency of Xanthophyll Sources

3′-Oxolutein, a Metabolite of Lutein in Chickens ,

The Use of Beta-Apo-8′-Carotenoic Acid Ethyl Ester as a Standard for Determination of Xanthophyll Utilization from Natural Sources by Broilers

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