Observations Supporting the Existence of an Intrinsic Magnetic Moment inside the Central Compact Object within the Quasar Q0957+561

Schild, Rudolph E.; Leiter, D.; Robertson, Stanley L.

doi:10.1086/504898

Cited by 37 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The solution of this problem can help to discriminate models of accretion disks that are consistent with observations (e.g., Meier & Nakamura 2006;Schild et al 2006). Our simulation results show that the vertical field is transported inward and amplified independent of the disk structure, be it laminar or turbulent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Magnetically Arrested Disks and the Origin of Poynting Jets: A Numerical Study

Igumenshchev

2008

ApJ

176

218

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The dynamics and structure of accretion disks, which accumulate a vertical magnetic field in their centers, are investigated using two-and three-dimensional MHD simulations. The central field can be built up to the equipartition level, where it disrupts a nearly axisymmetric outer accretion disk inside a magnetospheric radius, forming a magnetically arrested disk (MAD). In the MAD, the mass accretes in the form of irregular dense spiral streams, and the vertical field, split into separate bundles, penetrates through the disk plane in low-density magnetic islands. The accreting mass, when spiraling inward, drags the field and twists it around the axis of rotation, resulting in collimated Poynting jets in the polar directions. These jets are powered by the accretion flow with an efficiency of up to $1.5% (in units ofṀ in c 2 ). The spiral flow pattern in the MAD is dominated by modes with low azimuthal wavenumbers m $ 1Y5 and can be a source of quasi-periodic oscillations in the outgoing radiation. The formation of the MAD and the Poynting jets can naturally explain the observed changes of spectral states in galactic black hole binaries. Our study is focused on black hole accretion flows; however, the results can also be applied to accretion disks around nonrelativistic objects, such as young stellar objects and stars in binary systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Magnetically Arrested Disks and the Origin of Poynting Jets: A Numerical Study

Igumenshchev

2008

ApJ

176

218

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“…The electric redshift mechanism proposed in [45] may help people to understand more about quasars. If a quasar is a dense, massive and highly charged star as a result of holding extra protons, then not only the evidence of higher redshift quasars in association with lower redshift galaxies, but also the luminosity variations on short timescales and the existence of a strong magnet moment can be understood [61][62][63]. In addition, the quasi-stellar characteristic of a quasar is also understandable, because a dense, massive and highly charged star should be surrounded by a hot, dense, thick, electron-rich plasma cloud or sheath.…”

Section: Electric Redshift and Quasarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 5D Fully-Covariant Theory of Gravitation and Its Astrophysical Applications

Zhang¹

2014

Galaxies

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In this paper, we comprehensively review the five-dimensional (5D) fully-covariant theory of gravitation developed by Zhang two decades ago and its recent applications in astrophysics and cosmology. This 5D gravity describes not only the fields, but also the matter and its motion in a 5D spacetime. The greatest advantage of this theory is that there does not exist any unknown parameter, so that we can apply it to explain astrophysical and cosmological issues by quantitatively comparing the results obtained from it with observations and to predict new effects that could not be derived from any other gravitational theories. First, the 5D covariant description of matter and its motion enabled Zhang to analytically derive the fifteenth component of the 5D energy-momentum tensor of matter (T 44 ), which significantly distinguishes this 5D gravity from other 5D gravitational theories that usually assumed aT 44 with an unknown parameter, called the scalar charge s, and, thus, to split the 5D covariant field equation into (4 + 1) splitting form as the gravitational, electromagnetic, and scalar field equations. The gravitational field equation turns into the 4D Einstein's field equation of general relativity if the scalar field is equal to unity. Then, Zhang solved the field equations and obtained an exact static spherically-symmetric external solution of the gravitational, electromagnetic and scalar fields, in which all integral constants were completely determined with a perfect set of simple numbers and parameters that only depend on the mass and electric charge of the matter, by comparing with the obtained weak internal solution of the fields at a large radial distance. In the Einstein frame, the exact field solution obtained from the 5D fully-covariant theory of gravitation reduces to the Schwarzschild solution when the matter is electrically neutral and the fields are weak in strength. This guarantees that the four fundamental tests (light deflection, gravitational redshift, perihelion advance and radar echo delay) of the 4D Einstein's general relativity in the case of weak fields are also the tests of the 5D fully-covariant theory of gravitation. In19 the case of strong fields, especially when the matter is highly charged, however, the results from the 5D fully-covariant theory of gravitation are significantly different from the 4D Einstein's general relativity. Applying this 5D gravity and its exact field solution, Zhang has recently developed a new redshift mechanism, called electric redshift, a new supernova explosion mechanism with gravitational field shielding, a new gravitationless black hole model, a modified neutron star mass-radius relation, a modified Friedmann equation for the accelerating universe, and so on. This paper provides an overview of this 5D fully-covariant theory of gravitation, including also its solution properties and astrophysical applications.

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“…That is to say, the material can not collapse towards the center of so-called black hole. [2], the centre of Quasar 0957 + 561 which was considered to be a black hole is actually a close object, called a MECO (Massive Eternally Collapsing Object). Unlike an empty hole, it is surrounded by a strong magnetic field and material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Singularities of Gravitational Fields of Static Thin Loop and Double Spheres Reveal the Impossibility of Singularity Black Holes

Xiaochun¹

2013

JMP

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In the classical Newtonian mechanics, the gravity fields of static thin loop and double spheres are two simple but foundational problems. However, in the Einstein's theory of gravity, they are not simple. In fact, we do not know their solutions up to now. Based on the coordinate transformations of the Kerr and the Kerr-Newman solutions of the Einstein's equation of gravity field with axial symmetry, the gravity fields of static thin loop and double spheres are obtained. The results indicate that, no matter how much the mass and density are, there are singularities at the central point of thin loop and the contact point of double spheres. What is more, the singularities are completely exposed in vacuum. Space near the surfaces of thin loop and spheres are highly curved, although the gravity fields are very weak. These results are inconsistent with practical experience and completely impossible. By reasonable analogy, black holes with singularity in cosmology and astrophysics are something illusive. Caused by the mathematical description of curved space-time, they do not exist in real world actually. If there are black holes in the universe, they can only be the types of the Newtonian black holes without singularities, rather than the Einstein's singularity black holes. In order to escape the puzzle of singularity thoroughly, the description of gravity should return to the traditional form of dynamics in flat space. The renormalization of gravity and the unified description of four basic interactions may be possible only based on the frame of flat space-time. Otherwise, theses problems can not be solved forever. Physicists should have a clear understanding about this problem.

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Observations Supporting the Existence of an Intrinsic Magnetic Moment inside the Central Compact Object within the Quasar Q0957+561

Cited by 37 publications

References 76 publications

Magnetically Arrested Disks and the Origin of Poynting Jets: A Numerical Study

Magnetically Arrested Disks and the Origin of Poynting Jets: A Numerical Study

The 5D Fully-Covariant Theory of Gravitation and Its Astrophysical Applications

The Singularities of Gravitational Fields of Static Thin Loop and Double Spheres Reveal the Impossibility of Singularity Black Holes

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