Using explicit tetrads for any given metric and Fock–Ivanenko coefficients of the generally covariant Dirac equation, we develop a formal method to relate the wave function in a noninertial frame to that in the inertial frame. The resulting equivalence transformations are exact. The familiar cases of the rotating frame and generalized hyperbolic motion are given as examples.

Recent work has linked the quiescent luminosities and hard/soft spectral state switches of neutron stars (NSs) to their spinning magnetic fields. It is shown here that the quiescent luminosities and spectral state switches of galactic black hole candidates (BHCs) could be produced in the same way for spin rates below 100 Hz and magnetic fields above 10 10 G. It is also shown that the ultrasoft peaks and large flickering amplitudes of the BHCs would be expected from the surfaces of massive NSs. None of the few spectral characteristics that distinguish BHCs from low mass NSs have been explained in terms of event horizons. Serious consideration of the possibility that they might simply be massive NSs opens an avenue for proof of event horizons by negation, but requires the use of a space-time metric that has no event horizon. The Yilmaz exponential metric used here is shown to have an innermost marginally stable orbit with radius, binding energy and Keplerian frequency that are within a few percent of the same quantities for the Schwarzschild metric. A maximum NS mass of ∼ 10M ⊙ is found for the Yilmaz metric. The two metrics essentially differ only by the presence/absence of a surface for the BHCs, thus enabling proof or disproof of the existence of event horizons.

Recent brightness fluctuation and auto-correlation analysis of time series data, and micro-lensing size scales, seen in Q0957+561 A,B, have produced important information about the existence and characteristic physical dimensions of a new non-standard magnetically dominated internal structure contained within this quasar. This new internal quasar structure, which we shall call the Schild-Vakulik Structure, can be consistently explained in terms of a new class of gravitationally collapsing solutions to the Einstein field equations which describe highly red shifted, Eddington limited, Magnetospheric, Eternally Collapsing Objects (MECO) that contain intrinsic magnetic moments. Since observations of the Schild-Vakulik structure within Q0957+561 imply that this quasar contains an observable intrinsic magnetic moment, this represents strong evidence that the quasar does not have an event horizon.

In previous work we found that the spectral state switch and other spectral properties of both neutron star (NS) and galactic black hole candidates (GBHC), in low mass x-ray binary systems could be explained by a magnetic propeller effect that requires an intrinsically magnetic central compact object. In later work we showed that intrinsically magnetic GBHC could be easily accommodated by general relativity in terms of magnetospheric eternally collapsing objects (MECO), with lifetimes greater than a Hubble time, and examined some of their spectral properties. In this work we show how a standard thin accretion disk and corona can interact with the central magnetic field in atoll class NS, and GBHC and active galactic nuclei (AGN) modeled as MECO, to produce jets that emit radio through infrared luminosity L R that is correlated with mass and x-ray luminosity as L R ∝ M 0.75−0.92 L 2/3 x up to a mass scale invariant cutoff at the spectral state switch. Comparing the MECO-GBHC/AGN model to observations, we find that the correlation exponent, the mass scale invariant cutoff, and the radio luminosity ratios of AGN, GBHC and atoll class NS are correctly predicted, which strongly implies that GBHC and AGN have observable intrinsic magnetic moments and hence do not have event horizons.

We present evidence that the power law part of the quiescent x-ray emissions of neutron stars in low mass x-ray binaries is magnetospheric in origin. It can be very accurately calculated from known rates of spin and magnetic moments obtained from the ∼ 10 3−4 times brighter luminosity at the hard spectral state transition. This strongly suggests that the spectral state transition to the low hard state for neutron stars is a magnetospheric propeller effect. We test the hypothesis that the similar spectral state switches and quiescent power law emissions of the black hole candidates might be magnetospheric effects. In the process we derive proposed magnetic moments and rates of spin for them and accurately predict their quiescent luminosities. This constitutes an observational test for the physical realization of event horizons and suggests that they may not be formed during the gravitational collapse of ordinary matter.