Occasional infection of hepatitis C virus occurring in haemodialysis units identified by serial monitoring of the virus infection

Iwasaki, Yoshiaki; Esumi, Mariko; Hosokawa, Nobuo; Yanai, Mitsuru; Kawano, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1053/jhin.1999.0731

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is in accordance with recent prospective mono-and multicenter studies [Iwasaki et al, 2000;Schneeberger et al, 2000;Petrosillo et al, 2001], where the incidence was between 0.5% and 0.95%, except for one study in a center where the prevalence was high and the incidence ranged from 6.7% to 10.2% [Vladutiu et al, 2000]. However, some studies have shown a decrease in the annual HCV incidence [Simon et al, 1994;Jadoul et al, 1998].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Incidence of HCV infection in French hemodialysis units: A prospective study

Izopet

Sandres-Sauné

Kamar

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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A large prospective study was carried out from 1997 to 2000 in 25 French hemodialysis units including 1,323 patients to determine the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Monthly testing of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and assessment of HCV RNA and anti-HCV antibodies if the ALT activity was elevated, identified 14 new infections in 7 different units, giving an incidence of 0.4% new HCV infections per year. Molecular analyses and epidemiological data indicated that five patients became infected with HCV outside the unit where they were dialyzed, while the nine remaining patients acquired HCV from infected patients on dialysis during the same shift at the same unit. HCV was cleared in six of the seven (85.7%) patients with acute hepatitis C who were given standard doses of alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN). The persistence of nosocomial transmission of HCV in hemodialysis units emphasizes the need to implement infection control practices. Identifying new infections is crucial because alpha-IFN treatment results in long term clearance of HCV RNA in a large proportion of patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Incidence of HCV infection in French hemodialysis units: A prospective study

Izopet

Sandres-Sauné

Kamar

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Several recent studies [31, 52, 54, 59, 65, 79,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150] and one large study [44] reported nosocomial patient-to-patient transmission of HCV infection among HD patients performing phylogenetic analysis of HCV viral isolates. Although the potential sources of nosocomial transmission could be dialyzer reuse, internal contamination of HD monitors, and contaminated hands and articles, the two former mechanisms are almost unlikely [92, 93, 151, 152].…”

Section: Evidence Of Nosocomial Transmission and Preventive Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the potential sources of nosocomial transmission could be dialyzer reuse, internal contamination of HD monitors, and contaminated hands and articles, the two former mechanisms are almost unlikely [92, 93, 151, 152]. Lack of strict adherence to universal precautions by staff and sharing of articles such as multidose drugs might be the main mode of nosocomial HCV spread among HD patients [31, 65, 147, 149, 150,152,153,154]. Although some studies found that nosocomial spread of HCV declined when HCV-infected patients were treated in dedicated HD units [12,13,14,15,16,17, 41, 155], other investigators could control nosocomial spread of HCV among HD patients by strict application of hygienic precautions without isolation of HCV-infected subjects or machine segregation [56, 152, 156].…”

Section: Evidence Of Nosocomial Transmission and Preventive Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Patients: Current Global Magnitude, Natural History, Diagnostic Difficulties, and Preventive Measures

2008

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The reported prevalence of HCV among the HD population has varied greatly from 1.9 to 84.6% in different countries in recent years. The length of time on HD is generally believed to be associated with HCV acquisition in HD subjects. Nevertheless, several recent reports failed to recognize any significant role of blood transfusion. Although there are some considerations about the accuracy of serologic testing in detecting HCV in HD patients, the accumulated data in this review suggest the false-negativity rate to be not more than 1.66% (153/9,220). Therefore, substituting virologic for serologic testing in the routine diagnosis of HCV infection in HD patients seems unreasonable. Several phylogenetic analyzes of viral isolates suggested nosocomial patient-to-patient transmission of HCV among HD patients for which the main potential source is believed to be contaminated hands and articles. However, isolation of HCV-infected HD patients and use of dedicated machines are currently unjustified while strict adherence to universal precautions seems to be enough to control disease spread in HD units. The present article is an update on epidemiological and clinical features of HCV in HD population.

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“…Several studies have reported nosocomial patient to patient transmission of HCV infection among HD patients [15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion Among Hemodialysis Patients and the Role of Hepatitis C Virus Positive Patient's Isolation in Benha, Egypt

Ibrahim¹,

Elawady²

2017

CMR

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Abstract:The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in hemodialysis units (HD) is higher than among normal population. Seroconversion was included in many previous studies which constitute a great problem against infection control policies. The aim of this study was to evaluate seroconversion rate and the effect of isolation of hepatitis C positive patients as infection control method. This is controlled prospective study that included 90 patients for 2 years. Isolation policy of hepatitis C positive patients was implemented in the second year of the study. The prevalence of HCV was 48.9% among hemodialysis patients. Seroconversion rate decreased from 15.2% in the first year to 5.1%in the second year after application of isolation. The duration of hemodialysis in months, positive history of blood transfusion and the amount of transfused blood were considered significant factors affecting seroconversion. so we concluded that Isolation of hepatitis C positive patients as an infection control policy is mandatory to control HCV seroconversion in Egypt.

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Occasional infection of hepatitis C virus occurring in haemodialysis units identified by serial monitoring of the virus infection

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

Incidence of HCV infection in French hemodialysis units: A prospective study

Incidence of HCV infection in French hemodialysis units: A prospective study

Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Patients: Current Global Magnitude, Natural History, Diagnostic Difficulties, and Preventive Measures

Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion Among Hemodialysis Patients and the Role of Hepatitis C Virus Positive Patient's Isolation in Benha, Egypt

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Occasional infection of hepatitis C virus occurring in haemodialysis units identified by serial monitoring of the virus infection

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

Incidence of HCV infection in French hemodialysis units: A prospective study

Incidence of HCV infection in French hemodialysis units: A prospective study

Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Patients: Current Global Magnitude, Natural History, Diagnostic Difficulties, and Preventive Measures

Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion Among Hemodialysis Patients and the Role of Hepatitis C Virus Positive Patient&apos;s Isolation in Benha, Egypt

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Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion Among Hemodialysis Patients and the Role of Hepatitis C Virus Positive Patient's Isolation in Benha, Egypt