Occurrence and characterization of Aerococcus viridans from lobsters, Homarus gammarus L., dying in captivity

Abstract

Dead lobsters from five lobster parks have been examined over a period of 5 months for the occurrence of Aerococcus viridans. Isolated strains of the bacterium were characterized biochemically and by means of intraeellular protein patterns using thin layer isoelectric focusing in polyaerylamide gel. In a lobster park where a high mortality occurred, A. viridans was isolated from 29 of 33 dead lobsters. The bacterium was also isolated from 7 of 10 dead lobsters in a lobster park with low mortality. Probably, infection with A. viridans occurs more frequently in Norwegian lobster parks than hitherto suspected. Gram-positive cocci sharing many characteristics with A. viridans were isolated from some dead lobsters. These bacteria did not form tetrads, they were catalase positive and had different protein patterns from A. viridans.

The presence, nature, and role of gut microflora in aquatic invertebrates: A synthesis

“…Activities of invertebrates, such as bioturbation or production of bacteriocidal substances, may enhance or inhibit growth of microorganisms [4,6,26,145,210], while microbes have been reported to inhibit the activities of invertebrates, e.g., as active parasites or pathogens [1,13,19,31,32,47,65,69,70,78,94,99,154,200]. In some instances, the relationships between microbes and invertebrates are of commercial significance, as when they result in spoilage of shellfish and the risk of illness for the human consumer [5,9,17,36,45,56,63,76,78,82,103,104,105,117,126,185,204].…”

Diseases of American lobsters (Homarus americanus): A review

“…The bacterium and resulting disease were first described in a holding facility in Maine (Snieszko and Taylor, 1947). Although the focus herein is on American lobsters in North American waters, gaffkemia also occurs in the European lobster Homarus gammarus (Gjerde, 1984;Stewart, 1993). Translocation of the etiologic agent likely occurred to Europe by movement and release of American lobsters for commercial purposes; accidental release of infected lobsters and dumping of infected offal are means whereby the bacterium could also be established (Alderman, 1996).…”

Streptococcocis occurence at rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) cultivated in province Mersin-Turkey)

“…Lactococcus garvieae'nin saptandığı 24 balığın 18'inde (%75) hastalık bulgularına rastlanmış olması etkenin Gökkuşağı alabalıkları için patojen olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır. Istakozlar patojen olduğu bildirilen (Gjerde, 1984, Lavallée ve ark., 2001, Torrent ve ark., 2002 Aerococcus viridans'ın izole edildiği 15 balığın 5'inde (%33.3), fermente gıda ürünlerinin üretiminde kullanılan ve bazı hayvan ve insanlarda hastane enfeksiyonlarına sebep olduğu bildirilen (Bascomb ve Manafi, 1998) Lactococcus lactis lactis saptanan 11 balığın 2'sinde (%18.2), Leuconostoc spp. 'li 4 balığın 2'sinde (%50) ve Enterococcus durans/hirae bulunan 6 balığın 1'inde (%16.6) hastalık belirtilerinin olması (Tablo 2, 3, 4), bu türlerin de Gökkuşağı alabalıkları için patojenitesi ve virulansının anlaşılmasına yönelik yeni araştırmalar yapılması gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.…”

“…Balıkların streptokokkozis olgularında bugüne kadar Enterococcus (Streptococcus) faecalis (Foo ve ark., 1985), Lactococcus garvieae (sinonim: Enterococcus seriolicida) (Chang ve ark., 2002, Chen ve ark., 2002, Colorni ve ark., 2003, Çağırgan, 2004, Diler ve ark., 2002, Eldar ve ark., 1999, Eyngor ve ark., 1991, Lactococcus piscium (Williams ve ark., 1990), Streptococcus difficile (sinonim: Streptococcus agalactia) (Eldar ve ark., 1994), Streptococcus iniae (sinonim: Streptococcus shiloi) (Akhlaghi ve Mahjor 2004, Bromage ve ark., 1999, Eldar ve ark., 1994, Soltani ve ark., 2005, Streptococcus anginosus (sinonim: Streptococcus milleri) (Varvarigos, 2001, Yanong ve Francis-Floyd, 2002, Streptococcus parauberis (sinonim: Streptococcus uberis genotip II) (Domeénech ve ark., 1996) ve Vagococcus salmoninarum'un (Michel ve ark., 1997) izole edildiği bildirilmiştir. Aerococcus viridans ise ıstakozların Gaffkemia hastalığının etkenidir (Gjerde, 1984, Lavallée ve ark., 2001, Torrent ve ark., 2002.…”