Occurrence and Severity of Verticillium Disease of Mushrooms Produced on Casing (Soil) Treated with Aerated Steam

Moore, Roderquita K.

doi:10.1094/phyto-63-1368

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This is the first study where direct inoculation of suscept tissue occurred, using aqueous suspensions of the pathogen. Moore and Wuest (1973) atomized aqueous suspensions of phialospores onto field soil casing at between 5 x 10 3 to 5 x 10 5 spores mL" 1 and concluded that the percentage of diseased mushrooms increased as inoculum density increased, when disease was assessed without discriminating between symptoms. Holmes (1971) atomized a 5 x 10 3 spores mL 1 suspension of the pathogen onto the casing, an organic soil consisting of spent compost decomposed for 2 or 3 years, at intervals after the casing was applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Farms where the collections occurred were growing U-3 type hybrid mushrooms. From this collection, 22 tissue specimens were selected for sectioning, and the specimens represented a variety of symptoms referred to as spots (necrotic lesions), stipe blowout, and dry bubble (Moore & Wuest 1973). The specimens were prepared using the method described by Falk (1980) with modifications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agaricus bisporus spawn, vegetative inoculum, obtained from Mushroom Growers' Cooperative Association (MGA), Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, and Amycel, San Juan Bautista, California, was grown in plastic pots containing mushroom compost (Moore & Wuest 1973). Bulb pots, 25 cm w x 12 cm h., were surface sterilized with 10% Clorox (5.25% sodium hypochlorite), rinsed in tap water, and filled with 1500 g of mushroom compost containing 20 g of commercial millet grain spawn.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neither Ware (1933) nor Matthews (1983) saw evidence of penetration structures or direct penetration, using optical and electron microscopy, respectively. Most etiological research has focused on disease induced after Verticillium phialospores were sprayed onto the surface of casing (Holmes 1971, Gandy 1973, Happ & Wuest 1978, Moore & Wuest 1973. No reports exist on the effect of different spore concentrations placed directly onto mushroom primordia (pins), developing sporophores (buttons), or maturing sporophores in vivo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…that the symptom type is related to the time of infection: "...Infection of young mushrooms produces small, deformed, undifferentiated, non-necrotic spheres, called dry bubbles. Later infections on the surface of sporophores develop into localized, brown, depressed necrotic spots..." Sinden's comments (1971) are in NORTH, WUEST: AGARICUS BISPORUS/VERTICILLIUM 75 contrast to those by Moore and Wuest (1973), who indicated that the seventy of disease symptoms varied directly with inoculum concentration, when inoculum was topically applied to casing. This manuscript expands on a preliminary report (North & Wuest 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The infection process and symptom expression of verticillium disease ofAgaricus bisporus

North

Wuest

1993

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The infection process and symptom expression of verticillium disease ofAgaricus bisporus

North

Wuest

1993

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of Verticillium fungicola and Related Species Causing Dry Bubble Disease of the Cultivated Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus

Collopy¹,

Largeteau-Mamoun²,

Romaine³

et al. 2001

Phytopathology®

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Molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed on 40 isolates of Verticillium fungicola collected from various Pennsylvania mushroom farms in 1999 and 28 isolates of Verticillium spp. collected during the last 50 years from various geographic locations. Sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcriptional unit and analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data were performed for the 68 isolates of Verticillium spp. Identical rDNA sequences were obtained for all 40 Pennsylvania isolates collected during 1999, 13 North American isolates collected during the last 50 years, and the ex-type strain of V. fungicola var. aleophilum. Sequence analysis of European isolates revealed a close relationship to the ex-type strain V. fungicola var. fungicola. No European-like isolates of V. fungicola var. fungicola were detected in the collection of North American isolates examined. Results from six decamer RAPD primers strongly indicate the presence of a clonal population of V. fungicola among Pennsylvania isolates. In addition, RAPD data delineated a Korean isolate (DC130) and ex-type strain V. fungicola var. aleophilum from the North American group. Virulence assays, based on spore inoculation of mushroom pilei, revealed variation corresponding to each neighbor-joining and RAPD grouping. All isolates with rDNA sequence and RAPD grouping similarity to ex-type strains V. fungicola var. aleophilum and V. fungicola var. fungicola displayed the highest level of virulence. Based on rDNA sequence and RAPD analyses, isolates displaying reduced or no virulence were distantly related to these two varieties. All results obtained for the analyses of ex-type strain V. fungicola var. flavidum suggested that this fungal isolate should not be considered a variety of V. fungicola, but rather a distinct species.

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Water for the Dyehouse: Supply, Consumption, Recovery and Disposal

Park¹,

Shore

1984

Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists

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Factors which account for the almost universal choice of water as a medium for textile dyeing processes are outlined. Many of the dominant trends in the development of improved equipment and processes during the last decade have been associated with the control and treatment of this essential resource. Typical examples include the strong links between water conservation and most of the effective ways of saving energy, improvements in effluent treatment plants to minimise the impact of water‐borne contaminants on the environment, exploitation of the possibilities for reuse of process water or treated effluent in further processing, as well as the direct objective of holding in check the rising contribution of water supply and effluent treatment to limit overall costs. This broad expanse of water, pure and impure, is surveyed from the viewpoint of the textile dye user, since, by virtue of the physical and chemical properties of textile dyes, he is also invariably a continual user of water.

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Occurrence and Severity of Verticillium Disease of Mushrooms Produced on Casing (Soil) Treated with Aerated Steam

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

The infection process and symptom expression of verticillium disease ofAgaricus bisporus

The infection process and symptom expression of verticillium disease ofAgaricus bisporus

Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of Verticillium fungicola and Related Species Causing Dry Bubble Disease of the Cultivated Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus

Water for the Dyehouse: Supply, Consumption, Recovery and Disposal

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