Occurrence of a novel acetylated amino acid, Nα-acetylhistidine, in skeletal muscle of freshwater fish and other ectothermic vertebrates

Yamada, Shoji; Kawashima, Kazuto; Baba, Kyoko; Oku, Takahiro; Ando, Seiichi

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.12.006

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The role of NAH as an osmolyte in other tissues has not been specifically investigated, but interestingly, there is no detectable NAH in the muscle of salmon (7), although, it has been detected in skeletal muscle of a number of freshwater species (32). However, another histidine metabolite, anserine (␤-alanyl-N-methylhistidine) is found in muscle and increases in seawater compared with freshwater in fish with a histidine-supplemented diet (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-acetylhistidine, a novel osmolyte in the lens of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Rhodes

Breck²,

Waagbø³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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-Volume homeostasis is essential for the preservation of lens transparency and this is of particular significance to anadromous fish species where migration from freshwater to seawater presents severe osmotic challenges. In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), aqueous humor (AH) osmolality is greater in fish acclimated to seawater compared with young freshwater fish, and levels of lens N-acetylhistidine (NAH) are much higher in seawater fish. Here we investigate NAH as an osmolyte in the lenses of salmon receiving diets either with or without histidine supplementation. In the histidine-supplemented diet (HD) histidine content was 14.2 g/kg, and in the control diet (CD) histidine content was 8.9 g/kg. A transient increase in AH osmolality of 20 mmol/kg was observed in fish transferred from freshwater to seawater. In a lens culture model, temporary decreases in volume and transparency were observed when lenses were exposed to hyperosmotic conditions. A positive linear relationship between extracellular osmolality and lens NAH content was also observed, whereas there was no change in lens histidine content. Hypoosmotic exposure stimulated [ 14 C]-histidine efflux by 9.2-and 2.6-fold in CD and HD lenses, respectively. NAH efflux, measured by HPLC, was stimulated by hypoosmotic exposure to a much greater extent in HD lenses. In vivo, lens NAH increased in response to elevated AH osmolality in HD but not CD fish. In conclusion, NAH has an important and novel role as a compatible osmolyte in salmon lens. Furthermore, it is the major osmolyte that balances increases in AH osmolality when fish move from freshwater to seawater. A deficiency in NAH would lead to a dysfunction of the normal osmoregulatory processes in the lens, and we propose that this would contribute to cataract formation in fish deficient in histidine. histidine PREVALENCE OF CATARACT IN farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) has increased in recent years (3) and this has been linked to the removal of a rich source of dietary histidine (blood meal) (7). Several recent studies have investigated the possible causes of cataract in farmed salmon (6, 9, 30), although the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated.Osmotic stress has been shown to contribute to cataract formation in multiple species, including man (19). Efficient volume regulation is crucial for the maintenance of lens transparency and disruption to the tightly packed and highly ordered cells and proteins that make up the lens will cause a loss of lens transparency. In fish there are numerous examples where osmotic factors have been shown to play a role in cataract development (20), and the anadromous life cycle of the Atlantic salmon exposes the fish to particularly severe osmotic stress. The early part of salmon development is spent in freshwater as parr followed by transformation to smolts before entering the sea. Despite the physiological changes associated with parr-smolt transformation, a preadaption for life in seawater, reversible osmotic cataracts, are commonly described immediately aft...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-acetylhistidine, a novel osmolyte in the lens of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Rhodes

Breck²,

Waagbø³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Yamada et al (2009) suggested that N-a-acetylhistidine may play some exclusive role as an emergency reservoir for histidine against a long period of food deprivation in skeletal muscle of fish species possessing high levels of the muscle imidazole N-a-acetylhistidine. In the present study, N-a-acetylhistidine mean values ranged from 7.3 to 13.0 lmol/g in the lens of juvenile halibut, which is considered acceptable with respect to reduced risk for cataract in Atlantic salmon (Breck 2004;Waagbø et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic and periodic exposures to ammonia on the eye health in juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)

Liakonis

Waagbø²,

Foss

et al. 2011

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The effects of chronic and periodic peaks of un-ionised ammonia (UIA-N) exposure on eye health and cataract formation in juvenile Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, were examined. Fish with mean initial weight 51.7 g (SD 13.2) were exposed to five treatments consisting of control group and three groups (ChronicLow, ChronicMedium and ChronicHigh,) chronically exposed with UIA-N of 0.06, 0.12 to 0.17 mg/l, respectively, for 62 days at 11.9°C, pH 8.0 and salinity 34‰. Furthermore, a fifth group (HighPulse) was exposed to the same high levels as ChronicHigh for a short daily period (peak of 15 mg/l 30 min after exposure, 10 mg/l 1 h after exposure and 1.2 mg/l 3 h after exposure). In the subsequent period of the experimental study (from day 63 until day 100), no ammonia was added to the water. Mean weights were significantly lower in groups exposed to chronically high ambient ammonia concentrations compared to corresponding control group throughout the experimental period. The sampled fish exhibited signs of mild cataract formation, although the results showed no clear evidence that the ammonia treatments contributed to differences. Minor differences were found in measured muscle free amino acids, which could be used to explain potential changes in buffering capacity. The eye histidine status differed significantly at day 62, and osmotic differences in the eye lenses (measured as differences in N-acetyl histidine) were found in all group exposed to chronic levels of ammonia.

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“…First, both carnosine and anserine antibodies have been extensively characterized and do not recognize other amino acids, such as histidine or glycine (Biffo et al 1990). Second, even though the presence of N-acetylhistidine has been reported in the zebrafish (Baslow and Ruggieri 1966; Yamada et al 2008), no significant reduction in immunolabeling has been observed following the pre-absorption of both antisera with a BSA-N-acetylhistidine conjugate (data not shown), suggesting that the immunodetection signal does not correspond to this peptide. Third, the observation that robust immunoreactivity is present in the olfactory pathway is similar to that described for carnosine-LP in other species (Margolis 1974; Bonfanti et al 1990; Artero et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Distribution of carnosine-like peptides in the nervous system of developing and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) and embryonic effects of chronic carnosine exposure

et al. 2009

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Carnosine-like peptides (carnosine-LP) are a family of histidine derivatives that are present in the nervous system of various species and that exhibit antioxidant, anti-matrix-metalloproteinase, anti-excitotoxic, and free-radical scavenging properties. They are also neuroprotective in animal models of cerebral ischemia. Although the function of carnosine-LP is largely unknown, the hypothesis has been advanced that they play a role in the developing nervous system. Since the zebrafish is an excellent vertebrate model for studying development and disease, we have examined the distribution pattern of carnosine-LP in the adult and developing zebrafish. In the adult, immunoreactivity for carnosine-LP is specifically concentrated in sensory neurons and non-sensory cells of the olfactory epithelium, the olfactory nerve, and the olfactory bulb. Robust staining has also been observed in the retinal outer nuclear layer and the corneal epithelium. Developmental studies have revealed immunostaining for carnosine-LP as early as 18 h, 24 h, and 7 days post-fertilization in, respectively, the olfactory, corneal, and retinal primordia. These data suggest that carnosine-LP are involved in olfactory and visual function. We have also investigated the effects of chronic (7 days) exposure to carnosine on embryonic development and show that 0.01 μM to 10 mM concentrations of carnosine do not elicit significant deleterious effects. Conversely, treatment with 100 mM carnosine results in developmental delay and compromised larval survival. These results indicate that, at lower concentrations, exogenously administered carnosine can be used to explore the role of carnosine in development and developmental disorders of the nervous system.

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Occurrence of a novel acetylated amino acid, Nα-acetylhistidine, in skeletal muscle of freshwater fish and other ectothermic vertebrates

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

N-acetylhistidine, a novel osmolyte in the lens of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

N-acetylhistidine, a novel osmolyte in the lens of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Effects of chronic and periodic exposures to ammonia on the eye health in juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)

Distribution of carnosine-like peptides in the nervous system of developing and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) and embryonic effects of chronic carnosine exposure

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