Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1 Producing Fungi in Finished Commercial Broiler Feed in Quetta

Rashid, Najat; Bajwa, Masroor Ahmad; Tariq, Mohammad Masood; Ahmad, Tanvir; Rafeeq, Majed; Ahmad, Zaharani; Awan, Muhammad Ali; Ali, Mohammad; Shafee, Muhammad; Asad, Ulah; Khan, Amanullah

doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.3.1071.1076

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Host cell-mediated immune response is considered important in the pathogenesis of avian influenza viruses and plays an important role in recovery from viral infection (Wells et al, 1981). Mycotoxins have become a serious problem in developing countries like Pakistan due to the warm and moist climate (Rashid et al, 2012). According to the reports of Food and Agriculture Organization, mycotoxins contaminate 25% of food crops all over the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Role of aflatoxin toxicity on transmissibility and pathogenicity of H9N2 avian influenza virus in turkeys

et al. 2015

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The study was conducted to investigate the role of aflatoxin on the infectivity and transmissibility of H9N2 AI virus. The experiment was performed on 80 non-vaccinated turkeys, divided into 4 groups of 20 birds each. Group A was kept as non-infected and a non-treated negative control; Group B was inoculated intratracheally with H9N2 AI virus (1 × 10(7) EID50) at 4 weeks of age; Group C was fed on a diet containing 0.5 ppm aflatoxin from Day 1 through the entire experiment period and Group D was fed on diet containing 0.5 ppm aflatoxin as for Group C but inoculated intratracheally with H9N2 AI virus (1 × 10(7) EID50) at the fourth week of age and then mixed with naïve birds. Infected and contact birds showed clinical signs of different severity, showing the most prominent disease signs in birds of the aflatoxin + H9N2 group. All infected birds showed virus shedding, however, the pattern of virus shedding was different for birds of the aflatoxin + H9N2 group showing pronounced virus secretion. Similarly, efficient transmission of virus was observed between infected and contact birds, but more prominent virus transmission was seen in those birds inoculated and fed aflatoxin-treated diet. Moreover, significantly lower antibody titres against H9N2 AIV were observed in birds fed aflatoxin-treated diet, indicating an immunotoxic nature of aflatoxin as the reason for poor seroconversion. Similarly, decreased IFNγ mRNA expression and higher mortality (35%) suggest an immunotoxic and immunosuppressive effect of aflatoxin leading to enhanced pathogenesis of H9N2 viruses in aflatoxin-fed birds. The immunosuppressive nature of aflatoxin might delay influenza virus clearance and this may be one of the reasons for increased pathogenicity of H9N2 LPAI viruses in turkeys under field conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Role of aflatoxin toxicity on transmissibility and pathogenicity of H9N2 avian influenza virus in turkeys

et al. 2015

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“…Moulds (filamentous fungi) not only affect the organoleptic properties of feed but some are toxin producers (Greco et al, 2014). In present study, mould counts in home mixed (1.64 x 10 4 ) and commercial feed (6.0 x 10 3 CFU/g) were slightly lower than counts in poultry feed (6.5x10 6 CFU/g) in Iraq (Shareef, 2010), counts (42 × 10 3 CFU/g) in Nigarian poultry feed (Kehinde et al, 2014), fungal load (0-14 x 10 4 CFU/g) in Serbia's poultry feed (Krnjaja et al, 2014), counts of fungi (8.1 x 10 5 CFU/g) in Nigarian bird's feed (Matthew et al, 2017) and higher than fungal counts (3x10 2 -4x10 4 CFU/g) in poultry feed in Quetta, Pakistan (Rashid et al, 2017) and in Iran; mean fugal count 6.4×10 4 ± 1.12×10 5 CFU/g of poultry feed (Parviz et al, 2014). No doubt all poultry feed samples (n=40) of present study were categorized as good (Gimeno et al, 2002) in contrast to above mentioned studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular Approaches for Characterization of Aflatoxin Producing Aspergillus flavus Isolates from Poultry Feed

Sana¹

2019

PVJ

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Aflatoxins are secondary toxic metabolites produced by aspergilli. Aspergillus flavus is one of the major aflatoxins producing specie. Present study was conducted to enumerate mycoflora of poultry feed and aflatoxin production potential of A. flavus. Home mixed and commercial poultry feed (n=20, each) were processed for determination of fungal load and isolation of mycoflora. Isolates were identified by culture and microscopic characters. Thin layer (TL) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for screening, identification and quantification of aflatoxins produced by A. flavus respectively. A. flavus were confirmed by specie specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Isolation frequency of different genera, Aspergillus species and toxigenic A. flavus was calculated. The fungal count in home mixed feed was 2x10 2 to 1.6x10 4 CFU/g whereas, in commercial poultry feed from 2x10 1 to 6x10 3 CFU/g. Aspergillus was the most prevalent genus in home mixed and commercial feed followed by Mucor. Among aspergilli, the highest percentage was of flavus (95%) followed by A. niger (75%), A. fumigatus (15%) and A. terreus (5%). A total of 32.61 percent (223/685) aflatoxin producing A. flavus from commercial and 16.67 percent (23/140) from home mixed feed were detected by TLC. These aflatoxins (AFs) were identified as AFB1 and AFB2 and AFG1 by HPLC. Amplicon (500 bps) of A. flavus was observed on 2 percent agarose gel. It was concluded that poultry feed may be a source of transmission of disease producing fungi and aflatoxins to poultry birds and human beings. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved Key words: Aflatoxin Aspergillus flavus commercial poultry feed High performance liquid chromatography Home mixed poultry feed Polymerase chain reaction To Cite This Article: Sana S, Anjum AA, Yaqub T, Nasir M, Ali MA and Abbas M, 2019. Molecular approaches for characterization of aflatoxin producing Aspergillus flavus isolates from poultry feed. Pak Vet J, 39(2): 169-174. http://dx.

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“…However, Khalil et al (2015) reported the lower levels of AFB1 in the feed. The differences in the prevalence and levels of contamination of aflatoxins in poultry feed depend on a number of factors such as the geographical area, climatic conditions, storage conditions, type of raw material andthe damage of the grains by insects (Rashid et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Aflatoxin B1 Contamination on the Antioxidant Status of Broilers’ Liver and Breast Muscle

Khaled¹,

Moselhy²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2019

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1 Producing Fungi in Finished Commercial Broiler Feed in Quetta

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Role of aflatoxin toxicity on transmissibility and pathogenicity of H9N2 avian influenza virus in turkeys

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Role of aflatoxin toxicity on transmissibility and pathogenicity of H9N2 avian influenza virus in turkeys

Molecular Approaches for Characterization of Aflatoxin Producing Aspergillus flavus Isolates from Poultry Feed

The Effect of Aflatoxin B1 Contamination on the Antioxidant Status of Broilers’ Liver and Breast Muscle

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