Occurrence of Asparagus Virus II in Commercial Asparagus Fields in Michigan

Hartung, A. C.

doi:10.1094/pd-69-501

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Jaspers and Falloon (1996) and Jaspers et al (1999) reported 10-100% virus infection inventories in New Zealand. In the USA, Hartung et al (1985) found 0-90% virus incidence in Michigan, and Montasser and Davis (1987) 50-80% AV-1 and AV-2 incidence in New Jersey. Falloon et al (1986) collected spears from 40 asparagus fields in California and found AV-1 in plants of 31 fields and AV-2 in plants of 10 fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance to Asparagus virus 1 in the Wild Relative Asparagus amarus

Nothnagel

Budahn

Krämer

et al. 2013

Journal of Phytopathology

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Five asparagus cultivars, three breeding lines and the wild relative Asparagus amarus were tested for natural infection by Asparagus virus 1 (AV-1) in experimental fields at two locations over 3 and 4 years, respectively. In the first year after re-planting the annual crowns in the field, more than 90% of tested plants of cultivars were infected by AV-1. In the third and fourth year, 100% of tested plants of cultivars were AV-1 infected. In comparison, all plants of the wild relative A. amarus were completely free of AV-1, suggesting a high level of resistance. Additionally, 1-year-old glasshouse-cultivated plants of A. officinalis and A. amarus were placed in an AV-1 provocation cabin under field conditions. Seven months later, 100% of the A. officinalis plants showed a high virus concentration in ELISA, whereas no AV-1 was detectable in the A. amarus plants. This result was confirmed by highly sensitive AV-1-specific RT-PCR. To exclude vector resistance, the feeding behaviour of green peach aphid Myzus persicae was tested over 12 h using the electrical penetration graph method. Both asparagus genotypes were accepted by the aphids as potential hosts, but the feeding time was significantly longer on A. amarus. A genetic distance analysis of the various cultivars of Asparagus officinalis and selected wild relatives of the JKI collection was carried out, resulting in a clear discrimination of cultivars and wild relatives, especially A. amarus. The potential breeding value of the putative resistance carrier is discussed. IntroductionVirus infections are an underestimated problem in asparagus production because symptoms are often inconspicuous or plants are symptomless. Currently, ten viruses have been identified in garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) worldwide, including three Asparagus viruses (AV-1, AV-2 and AV-3) for which asparagus is the only natural host. While AV-1 and AV-2 occur in many asparagus growing regions of the world, AV-3 has been found only in Japan (Fujisawa 1986;Tomassoli et al. 2012). Furthermore, apart from infecting various other vegetables, Tobacco streak virus (TSV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) have also been found infecting asparagus. Another four viruses -Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Strawberry latent ring spot virus (SLRSV) and Tomato black ring virus (TBRV), that are of minor importance in asparagus have been reviewed by Knaflewski et al. (2008) and Tomassoli et al. (2012).The potyvirus Asparagus virus 1 (AV-1) is distributed worldwide and is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by aphids. Its main vector is the green peach aphid Myzus persicae, but it can be transmitted also by

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the USA, Hartung et al. () found 0–90% virus incidence in Michigan, and Montasser and Davis () 50–80% AV‐1 and AV‐2 incidence in New Jersey. Falloon et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Asparagus virus 1 in the Wild Relative Asparagus amarus

Nothnagel

Budahn

Krämer

et al. 2013

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…Asparagus virus 2 (AV2) is known to be transmitted in seed (Mink and Uyeda 1977), therefore this is the most likely source of the virus in new asparagus plantings. Since the incidence of AV2 has been shown to be greater in older asparagus plantings (Hartung et al 1985;Jaspers and Falloon 1996) and to increase by as much as 30% per annum in an established planting (Evans et al 1990), it is clear that secondary spread of AV2 must occur. Mechanisms for secondary spread of AV2 in the field have not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of asparagus virus 2 in an asparagus crop

Jaspers¹,

Pearson²

1997

pnzppc

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Mechanisms of asparagus virus 2 (AV2) transmission were investigated in an asparagus field trial. Initially each row had two AV2infected plants in the middle and eight AV2-free plants on either side. During 1992-1995, spears were hand-harvested, each row in one direction only, but half the block with the prevailing northerly wind and half against it. Spread of AV2 was predominantly in the direction of cutting, with AV2 incidence in plants cut after the AV2-source plants reaching 96% by 1995. In areas cut prior to the AV2 source plants there was some spread of the virus, mainly into female plants and into plants downwind of the source plants, indicating the possibility of a wind-assisted transmission mechanism.

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“…At least eight viruses have now been reported to infect asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) in Europe (Faccioli 1965;Hein 1963Hein , 1969Paludan 1964;Posnette 1969;Schade 1969), North America (Davis & Garrison 1984;Falloon et al 1986;Hartung et al 1985;Mink & Uyeda 1977), and the Orient (Fujisawa et al 1983). Asparagus virus I (AV-I), a member of the potyvirus group, and asparagus virus II (AV-II), a member of the ilarvirus group, are the most prominent in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased use of tissue-cultured germplasm, increase in virus incidence in Michigan asparagus Hartung et al 1985) and concomitant decrease in survival and productivity of asparagus in the field Yang 1979) led to this investigation of: -the effect of virus infection on micropropagation rooting and survival, -virus persistence through tissue culture and -the effect of virus infection of source plants on the flesh and dry weights of micropropagated plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of asparagus virus infection on asparagus tissue culture

Vries-Paterson

Evans

Stephens

1992

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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The impact of asparagus virus I (AV-I), a potyvirus, and asparagus virus II (AV-II), an ilarvirus, on micropropagation of field-grown asparagus was studied. Apical shoot tips excised from singly or doubly-infected plants were slow to develop roots and had a 15 to 75% reduction in survival in culture, respectively, compared to those excised from virus-free plants. The four virus infection groups were ranked: virus-free > AV-II > AV-I >AV-I & II for capacity of explants to both root and survive in vitro.Micropropagated plants infected with AV-II exhibited slight reductions in fresh and dry weights, with greater reductions associated with infection with AV-I and double infection, compared to the virus-free controls. Eighty-one virus-infected apical shoot tips yielded 7 (8.6%) virus-free clones, as determined by rub inoculation on indicator plants.

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Occurrence of Asparagus Virus II in Commercial Asparagus Fields in Michigan

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Resistance to Asparagus virus 1 in the Wild Relative Asparagus amarus

Resistance to Asparagus virus 1 in the Wild Relative Asparagus amarus

Transmission of asparagus virus 2 in an asparagus crop

The effect of asparagus virus infection on asparagus tissue culture

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