Occurrence, virulence, carbapenem resistance, susceptibility to disinfectants and public health hazard of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from animals, humans and environment in intensive farms

Abstract

Aims: This work aimed to determine the occurrence, virulence, antibiogram, carbapenem resistance genes and susceptibility to disinfectants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from animals, environment and workers in intensive farms. Methods and Results: A total of 610 samples from intensive beef cattle and sheep farms in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt were screened for the presence of P. aeruginosa using bacteriological assays. The isolates were characterized by PCR and tested for susceptibility to antibiotics using disk diffusion method and disinfectants by quantitative suspension test. In all, 60 P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered in this study and all isolates harboured at least one of the virulence genes tested. Human P. aeruginosa isolates were highly resistant to cephalosporins, fluroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems and penicillins+β-lactamase inhibitors than non-human isolates. Colistin resistance was higher in non-human than human P. aeruginosa isolates, whereas low resistance to aztreonam was observed in non-human and human isolates. Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) strains were recovered from workers (56.5%), sheep (8.3%) and cattle (8.3%). All CRPA harboured at least one of the carbapenem resistance genes tested and most of them showed multidrug resistance (MDR) or extensive drug resistance (XDR) phenotypes. Glutaraldehyde 1% and hydrogen peroxide 3% eliminated P. aeruginosa completely in the absence and presence of organic matter within short contact time compared with other disinfectants. Conclusions: This study reported the occurrence of CRPA in animals and workers in intensive farms. Glutaraldehyde and hydrogen peroxide were the most effective disinfectants against P. aeruginosa. Significance and Impact of the Study: The occurrence of CRPA in intensive livestock farms is a serious challenge that threatens animal and human health and increases the risk of P. aeruginosa infection in the community. Therefore, it is vital to control the spread of CRPA by banning or restricting the use of antibiotics and applying proper cleaning and disinfection protocols in livestock farms.

Molecular epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae among children in China

“…Highly virulent strains are not only highly pathogenic but may also may be resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants. However, there are few related research reports (Soto et al 2020 ; Gharieb et al 2022 ). To the best of our knowledge and according to a survey of the literature, there have been few studies on the prevalence of virulence genes and disinfectant resistance genes in clinical CRKP isolates from children in China (Pereira et al 2016 ).…”

Antibiotic susceptibility pattern, risk factors, and prediction of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with nosocomial pneumonia

“…This finding could also explain the significant difference in length of stay between the CSPA and CRPA groups. MDR was also shown to be another underlying risk factor, based on previous studies revealing the presence of MDR phenotypes in CRPA [ 29 , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] ].…”

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Detection Using Conventional PCR and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Based on Species-Specific Novel Gene Targets Identified by Pangenome Analysis

“…Currently, the standard gold method for detecting P. aeruginosa in food is the conventional culture method, which is labor-intensive, expensive, and time-consuming ( Zhou et al, 2020 ; Chon et al, 2021 ). Especially when the number of samples is large, it takes a long time to isolate and identify P. aeruginosa from ready-to-eat vegetables by traditional methods ( Gharieb et al, 2022 ). In addition, the traditional culture method determines P. aeruginosa according to the green pigment produced by the strain.…”