Ochratoxin A in Stored U.S. Barley and Wheat

Kuruc, Julie; Schwarz, Paul; Wolf‐Hall, C.

doi:10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-418

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Study analyzed samples of barley, hard red spring wheat, and durum wheat stored for different durations by several commercial companies involved in grain processing in the northern and northwestern US Great Plains region had OTA in about 12% of samples, and about 81% of the samples were stored for at least 6 months. In Germany, a study analyzed samples of grains between 1991 and 1993, stored for different durations, and reported that about 54% of the samples had OTA, and in 2% levels of OTA were above 3 ng/g [86]. Many studies done in Europe reported higher levels of OTA in organic crops in comparison with conventional beer, oat bran, and wheat samples meant for consumption by humans [87,88].…”

Section: Ochratoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins Affecting Animals, Foods, Humans, and Plants: Types, Occurrence, Toxicities, Action Mechanisms, Prevention, and Detoxification Strategies—A Revisit

Awuchi

Ondari

Ogbonna

et al. 2021

Foods

187

100

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Mycotoxins are produced by fungi and are known to be toxic to humans and animals. Common mycotoxins include aflatoxins, ochratoxins, zearalenone, patulin, sterigmatocystin, citrinin, ergot alkaloids, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, trichothecenes, Alternaria toxins, tremorgenic mycotoxins, fusarins, 3-nitropropionic acid, cyclochlorotine, sporidesmin, etc. These mycotoxins can pose several health risks to both animals and humans, including death. As several mycotoxins simultaneously occur in nature, especially in foods and feeds, the detoxification and/or total removal of mycotoxins remains challenging. Moreover, given that the volume of scientific literature regarding mycotoxins is steadily on the rise, there is need for continuous synthesis of the body of knowledge. To supplement existing information, knowledge of mycotoxins affecting animals, foods, humans, and plants, with more focus on types, toxicity, and prevention measures, including strategies employed in detoxification and removal, were revisited in this work. Our synthesis revealed that mycotoxin decontamination, control, and detoxification strategies cut across pre-and post-harvest preventive measures. In particular, pre-harvest measures can include good agricultural practices, fertilization/irrigation, crop rotation, using resistant varieties of crops, avoiding insect damage, early harvesting, maintaining adequate humidity, and removing debris from the preceding harvests. On the other hand, post-harvest measures can include processing, chemical, biological, and physical measures. Additionally, chemical-based methods and other emerging strategies for mycotoxin detoxification can involve the usage of chitosan, ozone, nanoparticles, and plant extracts.

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Section: Ochratoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins Affecting Animals, Foods, Humans, and Plants: Types, Occurrence, Toxicities, Action Mechanisms, Prevention, and Detoxification Strategies—A Revisit

Awuchi

Ondari

Ogbonna

et al. 2021

Foods

187

100

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“…A higher percentage (76%) was obtained in Croatia by Puntaric et al (2001). Also, OTA was detected in 12.2% of stored wheat samples in USA (Kuruc et al 2015). From India, wheat samples were contaminated with detectable quantities of OTA ranging from 1.36 to 21.17 mg/ kg including 13 (26%) samples exceeding the level of 5 mg/kg (Kumar et al 2012).…”

Section: Ota Contamination In Wheat Grainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of ochratoxin A in Algerian wheat and its milling derivatives

et al. 2018

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To determine the concentrations of ochratoxin A in wheat, and its derivatives, 81 samples, including durum wheat (n ¼ 27), common wheat (n ¼ 12), semolina (n ¼ 29) and flour (n ¼ 13) were collected from regions of Algeria. The results showed that 62 of the 81 samples (76.54%), were contaminated with quantities of ochratoxin A ranging from 0.84 to 34.75 mg/kg. The results showed that 69.23% of wheat grains were contaminated with ochratoxin A (0.21-27.31 mg/kg). Ochratoxin A were detected both in semolina and flour manufacturing process (0.16-34.75 mg/kg). Ochratoxin A level seem to be a serious public health problem in Algeria.

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“…The toxin is found mainly to contaminate cereal grains (wheat, corn, rye, barley) but it can also be found in rice, soybeans, coffee, cacao, beans, peas, peanuts, and dry fruits like figs, raisins, etc. ( Kuruc et al, 2015 ; Palumbo et al, 2015 ). It is also present in beer ( Nguyen and Ryu, 2014 ), wine and grape juice ( Terra et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of sandwich dot-ELISA for specific detection of Ochratoxin A and its application on to contaminated cereal grains originating from India

et al. 2015

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In the present study, generation and characterization of a highly specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Ochratoxin A (OTA) was undertaken. The generated mAb was further used to develop a simple, fast, and sensitive sandwich dot-ELISA (s-dot ELISA) method for detection of OTA from contaminated food grain samples. The limit of detection (LOD) of the developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was determined as 5.0 ng/mL of OTA. Developed method was more specific toward OTA and no cross reactivity was observed with the other tested mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1, or aflatoxin B1. To assess the utility and reliability of the developed method, several field samples of maize, wheat and rice (n = 195) collected from different geographical regions of southern Karnataka region of India were evaluated for the OTA occurrence. Seventy two out of 195 samples (19 maize, 38 wheat, and 15 rice) were found to be contaminated by OTA by s-dot ELISA. The assay results were further co-evaluated with conventional analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Results of the s-dot ELISA are in concordance with HPLC except for three samples that were negative for OTA presence by s-dot ELISA but found positive by HPLC. Although positive by HPLC, the amount of OTA in the three samples was found to be lesser than the accepted levels (>5 μg/kg) of OTA presence in cereals. Therefore, in conclusion, the developed s-dot ELISA is a better alternative for routine cereal based food and feed analysis in diagnostic labs to check the presence of OTA over existing conventional culture based, tedious analytical methods.

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Ochratoxin A in Stored U.S. Barley and Wheat

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Mycotoxins Affecting Animals, Foods, Humans, and Plants: Types, Occurrence, Toxicities, Action Mechanisms, Prevention, and Detoxification Strategies—A Revisit

Mycotoxins Affecting Animals, Foods, Humans, and Plants: Types, Occurrence, Toxicities, Action Mechanisms, Prevention, and Detoxification Strategies—A Revisit

Occurrence of ochratoxin A in Algerian wheat and its milling derivatives

Development of sandwich dot-ELISA for specific detection of Ochratoxin A and its application on to contaminated cereal grains originating from India

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