Ocular toxoplasmosis among Negro immigrants in London.

The problem of uveitis in Bendel State of Nigeria: experience in Benin City.

“…The fact that the clinical picture is one of a posterior uveitis, often recurrent, and near the macula, disc, or midperipheral in about 70% of cases (Ayanru, 1974), is highly suggestive. Chesterton and Perkins (1967) found a high percentage of presumed ocular toxoplasmosis in West African immigrants in London and a positive dye test in 89% of West African patients even without uveitis. The lesions were more frequently anterior to the equator than those seen in the indigenous population.…”

Incidence of acute symptomatic toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in south London according to country of birth

“…Risk factors for exposure seem to have changed: 30 years ago Chesterton and Perkins found that most patients seen in north east London were black and had been born in the West Indies 5. In our study the high incidence of symptomatic retinochoroiditis among west Africans compared with east Africans, West Indians, and subjects born in Britain may reflect a higher incidence of congenital or acquired infection, an increased prevalence of retinochoroiditis in infected subjects, or a higher incidence of symptomatic episodes in subjects with toxoplasma retinochoroidal lesions.…”

“…Retinochoroidal lesions may be asymptomatic for long periods of time until reactivation of latent toxoplasma cysts in the retina leads to symptoms of acute retinochoroiditis, which usually requires urgent ophthalmological attention. Acute toxoplasma retinochoroiditis is diagnosed clinically by a characteristic appearance 4 5. In some people retinochoroidal lesions may be present from infancy and, if the macula is affected, can lead to permanent visual impairment in early childhood, whereas symptoms of acute retinochoroiditis may not occur until lesions reactivate in the second, third, or four decades 6…”

Immunopathogenesis of toxoplasmosis

“…Pars planitis can be a manifestation of toxoplasmosis [295,296]. Tessler [297] indicated that it is more common than reported.…”