“…The studies presented here cover two important sensing modalities for animal behavior—olfaction and audition. It is important to note that the robotics community has developed a number of analytical approaches for chemotaxis (see Chen and Huang, 2019 for a recent review) and phonotaxis (Huang et al, 1999 ; Bicho et al, 2000 ; Andersson et al, 2004 ; Zu et al, 2009 ; Zuojun et al, 2012 ; Hwang et al, 2014 ). Conventional robot chemotaxis approaches are either gradient-based (see Kowadlo and Russell, 2008 ; Ishida et al, 2012 for a review) or probabilistic and map-based, such as infotaxis (Vergassola et al, 2007 ), Bayesian inference (Wei Li et al, 2006 ), Kalman filtering (Blanco et al, 2013 ), particle filtering (Li et al, 2011 ), spatial memory-based behaviors (Grünbaum and Willis, 2015 ), Hidden Markov Models (Farrell et al, 2003 ), and kernel methods (Lilienthal et al, 2009 ; Reggente and Lilienthal, 2010 ).…”