Oesophageal cancer in Golestan Province, a high-incidence area in northern Iran – A review

Islami, Farhad; Kamangar, Farin; Nasrollahzadeh, Dariush; Møller, Henrik; Boffetta, Paolo; Malekzadeh, Reza

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2009.09.018

Cited by 84 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 73 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[2,14] We also included a measure of fruit and vegetable consumption as low intake has been shown to confer increased risks of ESCC in populations where smoking and alcohol are less prevalent. [15] In this study, we estimated that smoking and alcohol consumption together accounted for 60% of ESCC cases overall. Importantly, these two factors accounted for more than three quarters of cases among men, but fewer than half of the cases among women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poor nutrition has been suggested to be associated with ESCC in high incidence regions such as Iran where the prevalence of smoking and alcohol is not as high as western countries. [15] Hormonal factors may play a role; previous studies have reported a reduced risk of ESCC amongst users of hormonal replacement therapy [17] and also oral contraceptives [18] compared to non-users. Although infections with Human Papillomavirus or Helicobacter pylori have been suggested previously as factors possibly accounting for some cases of ESCC, recent analyses from this study population provide no support for such mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sex differences in the proportion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases attributable to tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption

Pandeya

Olsen

Whiteman

2013

Cancer Epidemiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Alcohol and tobacco are the two major established environmental factors associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC). However, the prevalence of these exposures differs substantially between men and women. Moreover, the prevalence of smoking has declined in recent years, whereas per capita consumption of alcohol has remained steady in both sexes. Quantifying the burden of ESCC attributable to these causal factors is necessary to inform potential preventive strategies. Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of ESCC due to smoking and alcohol, using data from an Australian population based case-control study (305 ESCC cases, 1554 controls). Results: Estimated PAF for ESCC were 49% (95%CI: 38-60) and 32% (95%CI: 25-40) due to smoking and heavy alcohol consumption respectively. More than 75% of the ESCC burden in men could be attributed to smokers with heavy alcohol consumption. The highest burden was among ≥30 pack years smokers who also consumed alcohol heavily (>17 drinks/week); this differed significantly between men (PAF 36%, 95%CI 29-44) and women (PAF 5%, 95%CI 2-10). Among women only, low intakes of fruit and vegetables accounted for about 9% of the ESCC burden. Conclusion: The burden of ESCC attributable to smoking combined with heavy alcohol consumption is remarkably high in men. In women, the burden of ESCC due to these factors is lower, and poor nutrition may also play a role.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the proportion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases attributable to tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption

Pandeya

Olsen

Whiteman

2013

Cancer Epidemiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In these regions, both smoking prevalence and alcohol consumption are low (147) and the incidence of ESCC in women is as high as in men, despite the low prevalence of smoking in women compared with men (141). Suggested risk factors for ESCC in these high-risk areas include poor nutrition, lack of fruit and vegetables, drinking hot beverages, and opium (143,146,(148)(149)(150)(151).…”

Section: Esophageal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Patterns of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates and Trends

Jemal

DeSantis²,

Ward³

2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

2,398

1,689

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While incidence and mortality rates for most cancers (including lung, colorectum, female breast, and prostate) are decreasing in the United States and many other western countries, they are increasing in several less developed and economically transitioning countries because of adoption of unhealthy western lifestyles such as smoking and physical inactivity and consumption of calorie-dense food. Indeed, the rates for lung and colon cancers in a few of these countries have already surpassed those in the United States and other western countries. Most developing countries also continue to be disproportionately affected by cancers related to infectious agents, such as cervix, liver, and stomach cancers. The proportion of new cancer cases diagnosed in less developed countries is projected to increase from about 56% of the world total in 2008 to more than 60% in 2030 because of the increasing trends in cancer rates and expected increases in life expectancy and growth of the population. In this review, we describe these changing global incidence and mortality patterns for select common cancers and the opportunities for cancer prevention in developing countries. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 1893-907. ©2010 AACR.

show abstract

“…Iran is located in an infamous high-risk area called the 'esophageal cancer belt', stretching from the Caspian littoral area in Iran to northern China [9,10] and includes focal areas with recorded incidence rates >100 persons/100,000 population per year [11] . However, a few studies that have evaluated the prognosis of this form of cancer have reported a poor prognosis and low 5-year survival rate for EC in Iran [12,13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and Long-Term Survival of Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated at the Cancer Institute of Iran

Mir

Rajabpour²,

Delarestaghi³

et al. 2013

Dig Surg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Little data is available on the prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC) in Iran. We studied the short- and long-term survival of EC patients treated at the Cancer Institute of Iran. Methods: 619 patients were followed who had been operated in the years 1997-2006. The 1-month to 5-year survival rates of EC and hazard ratios (HR) for different prognostic factors were estimated. Results: Median survival was 11.5 months and 5-year survival was 10%. Patients at the advanced stage had a 2.1-fold higher risk of mortality compared to the early stage (95% CI 1.2-3.4). One-month mortality decreased from 12.2 in 1997-1999 to 9.1% in 2003-2006. In the first month, patients who were diagnosed in 2003-2006 had a significantly (60%) lower HR compared to 1997-1999 (HR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.1-0.9). In addition, patients with cardiopulmonary complications had an 11.7-fold higher HR compared to patients without complications (95% CI 4.7-29.3). Conclusions: The 5-year survival rate for operated EC patients was considerably low in Iran. Cardiopulmonary complications were the strong prognostic factors for first-month mortality. We suggest improving the pre- and postoperative care of EC to control these complications. Regular monitoring of patient survival is recommended to evaluate the effect of this intervention.

show abstract

Oesophageal cancer in Golestan Province, a high-incidence area in northern Iran – A review

Cited by 84 publications

References 73 publications

Sex differences in the proportion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases attributable to tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption

Sex differences in the proportion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases attributable to tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption

Global Patterns of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates and Trends

Short- and Long-Term Survival of Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated at the Cancer Institute of Iran

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About