“…Mining has devoured 70% of the municipal land area in Samarindah (Hidayah & Al-Fatih, 2019). According to JATAM's research with the World Wildlife Fund, the damage is estimated to be around $9 million (Najicha, 2021). Open-pit nickel mining activities, which are preceded by land clearing, topsoil erosion, dredging, and stockpiling, have a severe influence on the environment, resulting in increased eros rates, run-off, sedimentation, and damage to water catchment areas, as well as disruption of stability levels.…”