Oilfield produced water treatment by liquid-liquid extraction: A review

Klemz, Ana Caroline; Weschenfelder, Silvio Edegar; Neto, Sálvio Lima de Carvalho; Damas, Mayra Stéphanie Pascoal; Viviani, Juliano Cesar Toledo; Mazur, Luciana P.; Marinho, Belisa A.; Pereira, Leonardo dos Santos; Silva, Adriano da; Valle, José Alexandre Borges; Souza, Antônio Augusto Ulson de

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2020.108282

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 92 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, water is an excellent extraction solvent, which means to dissolve a variety of chemical compounds used to enhance the recovery of oil. All these aspects make the composition of produced water complex and difficult to manage (Klemz et al, 2021 ). The volumes of produced water in different countries depend on the fields’ location and the methods of oil extraction.…”

Section: Oilfield Produced Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the annually produced water discharge into the sea is 40 mg/L, according to (OSPAR Convention) the Convention of the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic. Also, the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) in Brazil stated a monthly limit of 29 mg/L, and daily values of 42 mg/L (Fakhru’l-Razi et al, 2009 ; Klemz et al, 2021 ; Tellez et al, 2002 ). The European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) in 2000 adopted a decision of “zero discharge” of the harmful produced water after 20 years (by 2020) to protect the marine ecosystem from sequel pollution.…”

Section: Oilfield Produced Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide: enhanced oil recovery applications, oil-field produced water pollution, and possible solutions

Al-Kindi

Al-Bahry

Al-Wahaibi

et al. 2022

Environ Monit Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polymers, such as partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), are widely used in oil fields to enhance or improve the recovery of crude oil from the reservoirs. It works by increasing the viscosity of the injected water, thus improving its mobility and oil recovery. However, during such enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations, it also produces a huge quantity of water alongside oil. Depending on the age and the stage of the oil reserve, the oil field produces ~ 7–10 times more water than oil. Such water contains various types of toxic components, such as traces of crude oil, heavy metals, and different types of chemicals (used during EOR operations such as HPAM). Thus, a huge quantity of HPAM containing produced water generated worldwide requires proper treatment and usage. The possible toxicity of HPAM is still ambiguous, but its natural decomposition product, acrylamide, threatens humans’ health and ecological environments. Therefore, the main challenge is the removal or degradation of HPAM in an environmentally safe manner from the produced water before proper disposal. Several chemical and thermal techniques are employed for the removal of HPAM, but they are not so environmentally friendly and somewhat expensive. Among different types of treatments, biodegradation with the aid of individual or mixed microbes (as biofilms) is touted to be an efficient and environmentally friendly way to solve the problem without harmful side effects. Many researchers have explored and reported the potential of such bioremediation technology with a variable removal efficiency of HPAM from the oil field produced water, both in lab scale and field scale studies. The current review is in line with United Nations Sustainability Goals, related to water security–UNSDG 6. It highlights the scale of such HPAM-based EOR applications, the challenge of produced water treatment, current possible solutions, and future possibilities to reuse such treated water sources for other applications.

show abstract

Section: Oilfield Produced Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oilfield Produced Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide: enhanced oil recovery applications, oil-field produced water pollution, and possible solutions

Al-Kindi

Al-Bahry

Al-Wahaibi

et al. 2022

Environ Monit Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Prior attempts to analyze organic solubles in PW have required sample filtration to remove insoluble particulates prior to further sample preparation . Methods for sample preparation commonly used are liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), dilute-and-shoot, and more recently solid phase extraction (SPE) . Several reports demonstrated the importance of including an optimal preconcentration step in the analytical method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Complex Composition of Produced Water by Specialized Extraction Methodologies

Emmons

Sunder

Liden

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Produced water (PW), a waste byproduct of oil and gas extraction, is a complex mixture containing numerous organic solubles and elemental species; these constituents range from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to naturally occurring radioactive materials. Identification of these compounds is critical in developing reuse and disposal protocols to minimize environmental contamination and health risks. In this study, versatile extraction methodologies were investigated for the untargeted analysis of PW. Thin-film solid-phase microextraction with hydrophilic–lipophilic balance particles was utilized for the extraction of organic solubles from eight PW samples from the Permian Basin and Eagle Ford formation in Texas. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis found a total of 266 different organic constituents including 1,4-dioxane, atrazine, pyridine, and PAHs. The elemental composition of PW was evaluated using dispersive solid-phase extraction followed by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, utilizing a new coordinating sorbent, poly(pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid). This confirmed the presence of 29 elements including rare earth elements, as well as hazardous metals such as Cr, Cd, Pb, and U. Utilizing chemometric analysis, both approaches facilitated the discrimination of each PW sample based on their geochemical origin with a prediction accuracy above 90% using partial least-squares-discriminant analysis, paving the way for PW origin tracing in the environment.

show abstract

“…Petroleum is an energy source of high importance worldwide and plays a key role in the economy of several countries. 1 In fact, petroleum production is considered one of the most important industrial productions of the 21st century. 2 With substantial increase in the demand for petrochemical energy, petroleum resources have been over-exploited, and the primary and secondary oil recovery methods can no longer meet the current requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct Z-scheme heterojunction g-C₃N₄/α-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite for enhanced polymer-containing oilfield sewage degradation under visible light

Zhang

Liu³

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Oilfield produced water treatment by liquid-liquid extraction: A review

Cited by 42 publications

References 92 publications

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide: enhanced oil recovery applications, oil-field produced water pollution, and possible solutions

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide: enhanced oil recovery applications, oil-field produced water pollution, and possible solutions

Unraveling the Complex Composition of Produced Water by Specialized Extraction Methodologies

A direct Z-scheme heterojunction g-C₃N₄/α-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite for enhanced polymer-containing oilfield sewage degradation under visible light

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Oilfield produced water treatment by liquid-liquid extraction: A review

Cited by 42 publications

References 92 publications

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide: enhanced oil recovery applications, oil-field produced water pollution, and possible solutions

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide: enhanced oil recovery applications, oil-field produced water pollution, and possible solutions

Unraveling the Complex Composition of Produced Water by Specialized Extraction Methodologies

A direct Z-scheme heterojunction g-C3N4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite for enhanced polymer-containing oilfield sewage degradation under visible light

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A direct Z-scheme heterojunction g-C₃N₄/α-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite for enhanced polymer-containing oilfield sewage degradation under visible light