Olfactory Behavioral Testing in the Adult Mouse

Witt, Rochelle M.; Galligan, Meghan; Despinoy, Jennifer R.; Segal, Rosalind A.

doi:10.3791/949

Cited by 61 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To determine whether coTshz1 mutant mice had an impaired sense of smell, we performed several olfactory tests: (a) the buried food test, which measures the ability of mice to locate familiar food hidden underneath bedding (49); (b) the preference test, designed to identify abilities to sense attractive or aversive odors (50,51); (c) the habituation/ dishabituation test, to determine an animal's ability to habituate to different odors; and (d) the threshold test, using different concentrations of the odor TMT (51). See Supplemental Methods for details.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TSHZ1-dependent gene regulation is essential for olfactory bulb development and olfaction

Ragancokova¹,

Rocca²,

Oonk³

et al. 2014

J. Clin. Invest.

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The olfactory bulb (OB) receives odor information from the olfactory epithelium and relays this to the olfactory cortex. Using a mouse model, we found that development and maturation of OB interneurons depends on the zinc finger homeodomain factor teashirt zinc finger family member 1 (TSHZ1). In mice lacking TSHZ1, neuroblasts exhibited a normal tangential migration to the OB; however, upon arrival to the OB, the neuroblasts were distributed aberrantly within the radial dimension, and many immature neuroblasts failed to exit the rostral migratory stream. Conditional deletion of Tshz1 in mice resulted in OB hypoplasia and severe olfactory deficits. We therefore investigated olfaction in human subjects from families with congenital aural atresia that were heterozygous for TSHZ1 loss-of-function mutations. These individuals displayed hyposmia, which is characterized by impaired odor discrimination and reduced olfactory sensitivity. Microarray analysis, in situ hybridization, and ChIP revealed that TSHZ1 bound to and regulated expression of the gene encoding prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2), a G protein-coupled receptor essential for OB development. Mutations in PROKR2 lead to Kallmann syndrome, characterized by anosmia and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Our data indicate that TSHZ1 is a key regulator of mammalian OB development and function and controls the expression of molecules involved in human Kallmann syndrome.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TSHZ1-dependent gene regulation is essential for olfactory bulb development and olfaction

Ragancokova¹,

Rocca²,

Oonk³

et al. 2014

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Sniffing or exploratory time is therefore a reliable indicator of olfactory function [25–28]. In our study, we used both attractive and aversive odorants since these are associated with different mechanisms of action in detection and discrimination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Iron Deficiency on Olfactory Behavior in Weanling Rats

Kumara¹,

Wessling‐Resnick²

2012

JBBS

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Chronically high occupational exposure to airborne metals like iron can impair olfactory function, but little is known about how low iron status modifies olfactory behavior. To investigate the influence of body iron status, weanling rats were fed a diet with low iron content (4 – 7 ppm) to induce iron deficiency anemia and olfactory behavior was compared to control rats fed an isocaloric diet sufficient in iron (210 – 220 ppm). Iron-deficient rats had prolonged exploratory time for attractive odorants in behavioral olfactory habituation/dis-habituation tests, olfactory preference tests and olfactory sensitivity tests compared with control rats. No significant differences were observed for aversive odorants between the two groups. These findings suggest that iron-dependent functions may be involved in controlling and processing of olfactory signal transduction via self and lateral inhibition such that odorant signal remains stronger for longer times prolonging exploratory activity on attractive odorants in the behavioral tests. These findings establish that iron deficiency can modify olfactory behavior.

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“…As compared to other protocols using cotton pads impregnated with odor to test attraction and avoidance, the present protocol provides an additional information about the olfactory discrimination between a novel odor and a neutral odor (water) 15,16 in one single experimental session.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our work, we provide a simple, fast and reproducible olfactory testing protocol, which is carried out using volatile scents. The tests described measure perception to an attractant or a repellent odor and evaluate the discrimination between the scent and water 11,15,16 . Using the same setup, we also can measure the sensitivity to an odor at different concentrations 16,17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

Brai

Albèri

2015

JoVE

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Olfaction is highly conserved among species and is required for reproduction and survival.In humans, olfaction is also one of the senses that is affected with aging and is a strong predictor of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, olfaction testing is used as a non-invasive diagnostic method to detect neurological deficits early on. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying olfactory network susceptibility, olfactory research in rodents has gained momentum in the past decade.Here, we present a very simple, time efficient and reproducible olfactory testing method of innate odor perception and sensitivity in mice without the need of any prior food or water restriction. The tests are performed in a familiar environment to the mice, require only the scents and a 2 min session of odorant exposure. The analysis is performed, post-hoc, using computer-assisted commands on ImageJ and can be, therefore, carried out from start to end by one researcher.This protocol does not require any special hardware or setup and is indicated for any laboratory interested in testing olfactory perception and sensitivity. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Olfactory Behavioral Testing in the Adult Mouse

Cited by 61 publications

References 2 publications

TSHZ1-dependent gene regulation is essential for olfactory bulb development and olfaction

TSHZ1-dependent gene regulation is essential for olfactory bulb development and olfaction

Influence of Iron Deficiency on Olfactory Behavior in Weanling Rats

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

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