Oligodendroglia: metabolic supporters of neurons

Philips, Thomas; Rothstein, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.1172/jci90610

Cited by 260 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…For example, occlusion of the middle cerebral artery leads to oligodendrocyte swelling within 30 min and precedes neuronal necrosis by several hours (Pantoni et al, ). Accumulating evidence indicates that, besides forming and maintaining myelin, oligodendrocytes support axonal metabolism by shuttling energy‐related metabolites such as lactate to the axons (Philips and Rothstein, ). Thus, it is possible that fuelling neurons and supporting the integrity of myelinated axons during extended wake occur at the cost of myelin thinning.…”

Section: Sleep and Myelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sleep and wakefulness in myelin plasticity

Vivo

Bellesi

2019

Glia

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Myelin plasticity is gaining increasing recognition as an essential partner to synaptic plasticity, which mediates experience‐dependent brain structure and function. However, how neural activity induces adaptive myelination and which mechanisms are involved remain open questions. More than two decades of transcriptomic studies in rodents have revealed that hundreds of brain transcripts change their expression in relation to the sleep–wake cycle. These studies consistently report upregulation of myelin‐related genes during sleep, suggesting that sleep represents a window of opportunity during which myelination occurs. In this review, we summarize recent molecular and morphological studies detailing the dependence of myelin dynamics after sleep, wake, and chronic sleep loss, a condition that can affect myelin substantially. We present novel data about the effects of sleep loss on the node of Ranvier length and provide a hypothetical mechanism through which myelin changes in response to sleep loss. Finally, we discuss the current findings in humans, which appear to confirm the important role of sleep in promoting white matter integrity.

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Section: Sleep and Myelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sleep and wakefulness in myelin plasticity

Vivo

Bellesi

2019

Glia

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“…Accelerated remyelination is sufficient to preserve axons following T‐cell mediated demyelination (Mei et al, ). Rapid remyelination may restore metabolic support of the axon to the oligodendrocyte (Philips & Rothstein, ; Saab & Nave, ), protect against inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide (Redford et al, ), and calcium accumulation within the axon (Witte et al, ). It is therefore possible that demyelinated axons after SCI may be more vulnerable to loss given the relatively sluggish remyelination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate and function of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells after traumatic spinal cord injury

Duncan

Manesh

Hilton

et al. 2019

Glia

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Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are the most proliferative and dispersed population of progenitor cells in the adult central nervous system, which allows these cells to rapidly respond to damage. Oligodendrocytes and myelin are lost after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), compromising efficient conduction and, potentially, the long‐term health of axons. In response, OPCs proliferate and then differentiate into new oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells to remyelinate axons. This culminates in highly efficient remyelination following experimental SCI in which nearly all intact demyelinated axons are remyelinated in rodent models. However, myelin regeneration comprises only one role of OPCs following SCI. OPCs contribute to scar formation after SCI and restrict the regeneration of injured axons. Moreover, OPCs alter their gene expression following demyelination, express cytokines and perpetuate the immune response. Here, we review the functional contribution of myelin regeneration and other recently uncovered roles of OPCs and their progeny to repair following SCI.

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“…In addition, the movement of mitochondria within the myelin sheath compartment is increased by activating NMDARs, a process that might contribute with the OL‐to‐axon energy supply (Rinholm et al, ). Altogether, these results may indicate a higher expression of NMDARs at mature OL lineage stages and strengthen the importance of OLs in providing a metabolic support to axons (Philips & Rothstein, ).…”

Section: Glutamate In Neuron–oligodendroglia Communicationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Glutamate versus GABA in neuron–oligodendroglia communication

Habermacher

Angulo

Benamer

2019

Glia

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In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin sheaths around axons are formed by glial cells named oligodendrocytes (OLs). In turn, OLs are generated by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) during postnatal development and in adults, according to a process that depends on the proliferation and differentiation of these progenitors. The maturation of OL lineage cells as well as myelination by OLs are complex and highly regulated processes in the CNS. OPCs and OLs express an array of receptors for neurotransmitters, in particular for the two main CNS neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA, and are therefore endowed with the capacity to respond to neuronal activity. Initial studies in cell cultures demonstrated that both glutamate and GABA signaling mechanisms play important roles in OL lineage cell development and function. However, much remains to be learned about the communication of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons with oligodendroglia in vivo. This review focuses on recent major advances in our understanding of the neuron–oligodendroglia communication mediated by glutamate and GABA in the CNS, and highlights the present controversies in the field. We discuss the expression, activation modes and potential roles of synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors along OL lineage progression. We review the properties of OPC synaptic connectivity with presynaptic glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the brain and consider the implication of glutamate and GABA signaling in activity‐driven adaptive myelination.

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Oligodendroglia: metabolic supporters of neurons

Cited by 260 publications

References 113 publications

The role of sleep and wakefulness in myelin plasticity

The role of sleep and wakefulness in myelin plasticity

The fate and function of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells after traumatic spinal cord injury

Glutamate versus GABA in neuron–oligodendroglia communication

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