Olivine glass and spinel formed in a laser heated, diamond-anvil high pressure cell

Lacam, A.; Madon, M.; Poirier, Jean

doi:10.1038/288155a0

Cited by 53 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Even though cooling must have been rapid, it is not surprising that the melt did not form a glass, as it is notoriously difficult to produce glass by quenching melts of a near-forsteritic composition (cf., Jeanloz et al, 1977), whereas evidence of quenched fayalite glass has been reported (Lacam et al, 1980).…”

Section: Crystallization Pathmentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental approach to generate shock veins in single crystal olivine by shear melting

Langenhorst

Poirier

Deutsch

et al. 2002

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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Abstract-A shock experiment has been devised to produce large shear in a single crystal sample of olivine. The recovered sample exhibits macroscopic shear faults resembling shock veins in ordinary chondrites. Examination with transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density ofdislocations in the bulk olivine. The shear faults appear as thin veins containing small grains of olivine and pockets of glass. The microstructure and composition of the material in the veins point to fractional crystallization of a melt. An order of magnitude calculation is consistent with the idea that the veins were produced by shear melting. These results support the view that shock veins in meteorites are the result of shear heating rather than of pressure heterogeneities.

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Section: Crystallization Pathmentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental approach to generate shock veins in single crystal olivine by shear melting

Langenhorst

Poirier

Deutsch

et al. 2002

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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“…These ringwoodite lamellae form platelets from several unit cells to 100 nm in thickness (6,(10)(11)(12)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). The formation of ringwoodite lamellae in olivine was attributed either to a martensitic transformation mechanism (6,13,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) or an intracrystalline nucleation and growth mechanism by which coherent nucleation of ringwoodite occurs on the stacking faults of olivine (10-12). However, no natural occurrence of ringwoodite lamellae had been found so far either in the shocked meteorites or exhumed subducted slabs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An experiment-produced texture characteristic of this phase transition in the slabs is the formation of ringwoodite lamellae within individual olivine crystals (6,7,(10)(11)(12). A number of laboratory experiments on compositions like Mg 2 GeO 4 , Fe 2 SiO 4 , and (Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4 showed that the spinel-structured lamellae lie parallel to the (100) planes of olivine (6,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). These ringwoodite lamellae form platelets from several unit cells to 100 nm in thickness (6,(10)(11)(12)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of laboratory experiments on compositions like Mg 2 GeO 4 , Fe 2 SiO 4 , and (Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4 showed that the spinel-structured lamellae lie parallel to the (100) planes of olivine (6,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). These ringwoodite lamellae form platelets from several unit cells to 100 nm in thickness (6,(10)(11)(12)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). The formation of ringwoodite lamellae in olivine was attributed either to a martensitic transformation mechanism (6,13,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) or an intracrystalline nucleation and growth mechanism by which coherent nucleation of ringwoodite occurs on the stacking faults of olivine (10)(11)(12).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ringwoodite lamellae in olivine: Clues to olivine–ringwoodite phase transition mechanisms in shocked meteorites and subducting slabs

Chen

Goresy

Gillet

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The first natural occurrence of ringwoodite lamellae was found in the olivine grains inside and in areas adjacent to the shock veins of a chondritic meteorite, and these lamellae show distinct growth mechanism. Inside the veins where pressure and temperature were higher than elsewhere, ringwoodite lamellae formed parallel to the {101} planes of olivine, whereas outside they lie parallel to the (100) plane of olivine. The lamellae replaced the host olivine from a few percent to complete. Formation of these lamellae relates to a diffusion-controlled growth of ringwoodite along shear-induced planar defects in olivine. The planar defects and ringwoodite lamellae parallel to the {101} planes of olivine should have been produced in higher shear stress and temperature region than that parallel to the (100) plane of olivine. This study suggests that the time duration of high pressure and temperature for the growth of ringwoodite lamellae might have lasted at least for several seconds, and that an intracrystalline transformation mechanism of ringwoodite in olivine could favorably operate in the subducting lithospheric slabs in the deep Earth. N atural ringwoodite had been found in many shocked chondritic meteorites, in which the ringwoodite occurs as finegrained polycrystalline aggregates formed through a phase transition of olivine during exogenous dynamic events on the parent asteroids (1-4). It was also suggested that the olivineringwoodite transformation could take place in cold subducting slabs at the deep transition zone, where pressure oversteps the ringwoodite stability field (5-9). An experiment-produced texture characteristic of this phase transition in the slabs is the formation of ringwoodite lamellae within individual olivine crystals (6,7,(10)(11)(12). A number of laboratory experiments on compositions like Mg 2 GeO 4 , Fe 2 SiO 4 , and (Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4 showed that the spinel-structured lamellae lie parallel to the (100) planes of olivine (6,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). These ringwoodite lamellae form platelets from several unit cells to 100 nm in thickness (6,(10)(11)(12)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). The formation of ringwoodite lamellae in olivine was attributed either to a martensitic transformation mechanism (6,13,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) or an intracrystalline nucleation and growth mechanism by which coherent nucleation of ringwoodite occurs on the stacking faults of olivine (10-12). However, no natural occurrence of ringwoodite lamellae had been found so far either in the shocked meteorites or exhumed subducted slabs.Sixiangkou meteorite is a heavily shock-metamorphosed L6-chondrite with a number of shock-produced veins up to 10 mm in thickness. The shock veins contain abundant high-pressure minerals including ringwoodite, majorite, garnet, and magnesiowüstite, for which the shock-produced pressure and temperature of Ϸ20 GPa and 2,000°C were inferred (4). Polycrystalline aggregates of ringwoodite and majorite up to 100 m in size and porphyroclastic grains of olivine and pyroxene up to 1.5 mm in size distr...

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Enormous experimental work on the transformation mechanism has been conducted on both natural olivine and its analogs. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Two models for this transformation were proposed, i.e., an interface-controlled incoherent nucleation and growth mechanism 3,4 and a dislocation-controlled martensitic mechanism. 5,6 More recently, Chen et al 25 demonstrated that the transformation is a diffusionless anion sublattice transition coupled with short-range diffusional cation reordering.…”

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confidence: 99%

Formation of spinel from olivine

Liu

Kelly

Drennan

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

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High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was used to study the olivine to spinel transformation. HRTEM structure images of Mg2GeO4 olivine deformed under a pressure of 6 GPa at 600 °C clearly show that a shear mechanism dominates the transformation. The transformation is not a nucleation and growth mechanism. It also differs in certain crucial aspects from the type of martensitic transformation proposed before. During the transformation, it is a shear movement that brings the oxygen anions to their positions in the spinel structure. An edge dislocation following each shear then puts the cations in their spinel sites. The Burgers’ vector of each dislocation is perpendicular to the anion shear direction.

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Olivine glass and spinel formed in a laser heated, diamond-anvil high pressure cell

Cited by 53 publications

References 7 publications

Experimental approach to generate shock veins in single crystal olivine by shear melting

Experimental approach to generate shock veins in single crystal olivine by shear melting

Ringwoodite lamellae in olivine: Clues to olivine–ringwoodite phase transition mechanisms in shocked meteorites and subducting slabs

Formation of spinel from olivine

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