Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia

Burckhardt, Marion; Herke, Max; Wustmann, Tobias; Watzke, Stefan; Langer, Gero; Fink, Astrid

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009002.pub3

Cited by 102 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 94 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…One meta-analysis of six RCTs of duration 3 to 40 months and using 0.l4 to 1.8 g EPA+DHA per day identified a slower rate of cognitive decline in those receiving very long chain n-3 fatty acids (259) . In contrast, a meta-analysis of three RCTs involving 632 participants with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and followed for 6, 12 or18 months found no evidence of a benefit from very long chain n-3 fatty acids on any outcome that was assessed (260) . A recent large trial found no effects of very long chain n-3 fatty acids (0.225 g EPA plus 0.8 g DHA daily) over three years on cognitive decline (261) .…”

Section: Neurocognitive Healthmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Interestingly many of these studies are indicative that EPA is more important than DHA, which contrasts with the relative roles of these two fatty acids in very early eye and brain development. Although there may be a role for very long chain n-3 fatty acids in slowing cognitive decline (259) , this has not been well demonstrated (258,260) . There is a clear need for larger, longer and higher quality human trials in this area of research.…”

Section: Neurocognitive Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Very long-chainn-3 fatty acids and human health: fact, fiction and the future

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoioc acid (DHA) appear to be the most important omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, but roles for n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) are now also emerging. Intakes of EPA and DHA are usually low, typically below those recommended.Increased intakes result in higher concentrations of EPA and DHA in blood lipids, cells and tissues. Increased content of EPA and DHA modifies the structure of cell membranes and the function of membrane proteins. EPA and DHA modulate the production of lipid mediators and through effects on cell signaling can alter the patterns of gene expression. Through these mechanisms, EPA and DHA alter cell and tissue responsiveness in a way that often results in more optimal conditions for growth, development and maintenance of health. DHA has vital roles in brain and eye development and function. EPA and DHA have a wide range of physiological roles which are linked to certain health or clinical benefits, particularly related to cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammation, and neurocognitive function. The benefits of EPA and DHA are evident throughout the life course. Future research will include better identification of the determinants of variation of responses to increased intake of EPA and DHA; more in-depth dose response studies of the effects of EPA and DHA; clearer identification of the specific roles of EPA, DPA and DHA; testing strategies to enhance delivery of n-3 fatty acids to the bloodstream; and exploration of sustainable alternatives to fish-derived very long chain n-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids -structure, metabolic interrelationships, dietary sources and intakes Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids are a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (1) . They are defined by the position of the double bond closest to the methyl terminus of the hydrocarbon (acyl) chain. This is on carbon number three when counting the methyl carbon as number one.Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) appear to be the most important n-3 fatty acids (2,3) , although roles for docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5n-3) are now also emerging (4,5) . Because of their long hydrocarbon chain, EPA, DPA and DHA are sometimes termed very long chain n-3 fatty acids, in order to differentiate them from the 18-carbon plant-derived n-3 fatty acids like -linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) and stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4n-3). In this article, the term "very long chain n-3 fatty acids" will be used to individually and collectively describe EPA, DPA and DHA.EPA, DPA and DHA are metabolically related to one another, and there is a pathway by which EPA can be synthesized from the simpler plant-derived n-3 fatty acids (Figure 1).The conversion of ALA to EPA involves three steps catalyzed, in turn, by delta-6 desaturase, elongase 5 and delta-5 desaturase (Figure 1). Further conversion of EPA to DHA, via DPA, occurs by a complex pathway (Figure 1) involving chain elongation catalyzed by elongase 5, a second chain elongation catalyzed by elongase 2 or 5...

show abstract

Section: Neurocognitive Healthmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Neurocognitive Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very long-chainn-3 fatty acids and human health: fact, fiction and the future

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Se encontraron mejores resultados en fluidez verbal en el grupo rico en DHA frente al control (p=0,04) no hallándose, por el contrario, diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el grupo rico en EPA (p=0,62) frente al control. Esta disparidad podría deberse a que el DHA es el principal componente de las membranas celulares a nivel central 5 y, teniendo en cuenta que los AGPI w-3 están implicados en la estructura y la función de las fracciones fosfolipídicas de la membrana celular en el cerebro, es posible que desempeñen una función importante en los procesos cognitivos 12 . Sin embargo, Boston y col 21 encontraron mejoría en la clasificación analógica visual del cuidador (p=0,02) suplementando con etil-EPA.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Examinando los seis estudios seleccionados se encuentran mejores resultados en la cognición global en los que utilizan dosis más bajas (en torno a 500 mg de DHA y EPA) 19,20 que en otros que suplementan con dosis mayores de 1 g [22][23][24] . Aunque no está claro qué dosis de AGPI w-3 es la más adecuada para influir en el rendimiento cognitivo 23 , la mayoría de las guías recomienda una ingesta diaria de 250 a 1000 mg de EPA y DHA para satisfacer los requerimientos de una dieta saludable en adultos 12 . En el estudio de Bun y col 19 en el grupo control también se interviene aunque no sea mediante suplementación ni dieta, sino mediante ejercicio físico, planteando una posible sinergia cara a la prevención de EA.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Los estudios de intervención que se han realizado obtienen resultados equívocos, como se observa en una reciente revisión 7 . Algunos meta-análisis afirman que la ingesta de AGPI w-3 puede ayudar a prevenir el DC en personas de edad avanzada [8][9][10][11] y otros apuntan en sentido contrario [12][13][14] . Igualmente, se observan diferentes resultados en sujetos con deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) respecto a los ya diagnosticados de EA 15,16 .…”

Section: Departamento De Medicina Preventiva Y Saludunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Does Omega-3 supplementation after the age of 65 influence cognitive function? Results of a systematic review

Baleztena

Araña²,

Bes–Rastrollo³

et al. 2017

An Sist Sanit Navar

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fundamento. El porcentaje de población de edad avanzada aumenta progresivamente y con ello las enfermedades asociadas a la edad como el deterioro cognitivo (DC) y la demencia. Distintos estudios sugieren que dietas ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 (AGPI w-3) pueden reducir el riesgo de DC y demencia. El objetivo fue evaluar si existe evidencia sobre la relación entre la suplementación con AGPI w-3 en pacientes ≥ 65 años y la función cognitiva. Material y métodos.Se recuperaron 582 artículos relacionados con ácidos grasos o AGPI w-3 y DC o demencia y se incluyeron seis estudios en esta revisión.resultados. Los estudios son heterogéneos respecto a población estudiada, medición de la exposición y desenlace, no pudiendo realizarse una síntesis cuantitativa. Dos encontraron que la suplementación con AGPI w-3 prevenía la enfermedad de Alzheimer y mejoraba el rendimiento cognitivo. Dos encontraron mejoría solo en la clasificación analógica visual y fluencia verbal y otros dos no encontraron evidencia de protección. Conclusiones.No se encontró evidencia para sustentar o negar que la suplementación con AGPI w-3 a partir de los 65 años mejora el rendimiento cognitivo o previene la demencia.Palabras clave. Ácidos grasos Omega-3. Deterioro cognitivo. Demencia. Envejecimiento. ABsTrACTBackground. The percentage of the older population is progressively increasing as are diseases associated with aging such as cognitive decline (CD) and dementia. Observational epidemiological studies suggest that diets rich in omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w3-PU-FA) might reduce the risk of CD and dementia.Methods. We used the PubMed data base to search for articles related to w3-PUFA and CD or dementia. Initially we identified 582 articles, after applying the eligibility criterion we included six studies in this systematic review.results. The studies included were heterogeneous regarding population, measurement of exposure and outcome. Therefore, it was not possible to conduct a quantitative analysis. Two studies found that w3-PUFA supplementation decreased the risk of Alzheimer and improved cognitive performance. Two studies found an improvement in only one of the domains of cognitive performance (visual analogical classification and verbal fluency) and another two did not find any evidence of protection. Conclusions.We found few studies to support or refute the evidence that w3-PUFA supplementation in patients aged 65 or older improves cognitive performance or prevents dementia.Keywords. Fatty Acids. Omega-3. Cognitive Impairment. Dementia. Aging. Financiación: Para este trabajo no se han obtenido becas ni ayudas económicas. Conflictos de intereses:Los autores declaran que no existe ninguna relación financiera que pudiera dar lugar a conflicto de intereses en relación con el artículo.

show abstract

Dietary Intake of Omega-3 Fatty Acids From Fish and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy

Chew

2017

JAMA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia

Abstract: Analysis 1.4. Comparison 1 Omega-3 PUFAs versus placebo, Outcome 4 Older Americans Resources and Services-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (OARS-IADL) change scores (12 months' follow-up, PP analysis

Cited by 102 publications

References 94 publications

Very long-chainn-3 fatty acids and human health: fact, fiction and the future

Very long-chainn-3 fatty acids and human health: fact, fiction and the future

Does Omega-3 supplementation after the age of 65 influence cognitive function? Results of a systematic review

Dietary Intake of Omega-3 Fatty Acids From Fish and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About