On a Molecular Basis, Investigate Association of Molecular Structure with Bioactive Compounds, Anti-Nutritional Factors and Chemical and Nutrient Profiles of Canola Seeds and Co-Products from Canola Processing: Comparison Crusher Plants within Canada and within China as well as between Canada and China

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to: (1) Use molecular spectroscopy as a novel technique to quantify protein molecular structures in relation to its chemical profiles and bioenergy values in oil-seeds and co-products from bio-oil processing. (2) Determine and compare: (a) protein molecular structure using Fourier transform infrared (FT/IR-ATR) molecular spectroscopy technique; (b) bioactive compounds, anti-nutritional factors, and chemical composition; and (c) bioenergy values in oil seeds (canola seeds), co-products (meal or pellets) from bio-oil processing plants in Canada in comparison with China. (3) Determine the relationship between protein molecular structural features and nutrient profiles in oil-seeds and co-products from bio-oil processing. Our results showed the possibility to characterize protein molecular structure using FT/IR molecular spectroscopy. Processing induced changes between oil seeds and co-products were found in the chemical, bioenergy profiles and protein molecular structure. However, no strong correlation was found between the chemical and nutrient profiles of oil seeds (canola seeds) and their protein molecular structure. On the other hand, co-products were strongly correlated with protein molecular structure in the chemical profile and bioenergy values. Generally, comparisons of oil seeds (canola seeds) and co-products (meal or pellets) in Canada, in China, and between Canada and China indicated the presence of variations among different crusher plants and bio-oil processing products.

Identifying Key Metabolites Associated with Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in Response to Nitrogen Management Strategies in Two Rapeseed (Brassica napus) Varieties

“…Breeding genotypes with a low GSL content is the most efficient strategy for achieving this goal . It is worth noting that successful breeding programs in many countries where rapeseed is the main crop, such as Canada, China, and the European Union, have resulted in the release of many high-yield rapeseed varieties with low levels of GSLs and erucic acid (double-low type). , In these countries, the general standard for the GSL concentration in livestock feed after oil extraction is set at a maximum threshold of 30–40 μmol g –1 in dry matter . These standards with a certain threshold of GSL content are achievable because of the continuous advancement in modern breeding techniques …”

“…N is an essential element for rapeseed growth, and an optimum level of N supply is required for seed development and fatty acid synthesis . Efficient N management has been regarded as an important strategy for developing rapeseed with low GSLs while sustaining a high seed yield and high N use efficiency. , This is because N availability plays a major role in amino acid synthesis and provides essential elements for amino acids, which are synthetic precursors for GSL biosynthesis …”

Interactive Curve-Linear Relationship Between Alteration of Carbohydrate Macromolecular Structure Traits in Hulless Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Grain and Nutrient Utilization, Biodegradation, and Bioavailability

“…The degradation rate for CA, CB1, CB2, CB3 and CC was 300–500%/h; 20–40%/h, 20–40%/h, 4–9%/h and 0%/h, respectively. The rumen nutrient supply could be predicted using CNCPS [35].…”

Comparative Metabolomic Analysis of Rapeseeds from Three Countries

“…Rapeseed ( Brassica napus; Cruciferae ) is an important oil crop in agriculture worldwide, and ranks the third largest source of vegetable oil all over the world [1,2,3]. Traditional rapeseed oil contains more than 40% erucic acid [4], which could pose a risk to human health when excessive amounts are consumed [5]. In addition, traditional rapeseed also has a higher concentration of glucosinolates, and their breakdown in products could induce iodine deficiency and are fatal to pigs [6].…”

“…High erucic and glucosinolate levels therefore limit the use of rapeseed. With the development of breeding methods and production technology, rapeseed contains lower erucic acid and lower glucosinolate [5,7]. Rapeseed is widely planted in China, Canada, India, Northern Europe, and Australia based on its growth habit [8].…”