On-chip generation of high-order single-photon W-states

Gräfe, Markus; Heilmann, René; Pérez-Leija, Armando; Keil, Robert; Dreisow, Felix; Heinrich, Matthias; Moya‐Cessa, H.; Nolte, Stefan; Christodoulides, Demetrios N.; Szameit, Alexander

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.204

Cited by 136 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…(9), but now setting the time delay differences as in Eq. (14). We determined σ from a set of two-photon HOM dips with polarizations chosen as in Fig.…”

Section: H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T E R Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extending the study of interference to many particles is of interest from a fundamental as well as from a technological viewpoint [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The scattering of multiple photons in linear networks is related to solving problems in quantum information processing, metrology, and quantum state engineering [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Thus, understanding multiphoton interference is also of great relevance for practical applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Distinguishability and Many-Particle Interference

et al. 2017

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Quantum interference of two independent particles in pure quantum states is fully described by the particles' distinguishability: the closer the particles are to being identical, the higher the degree of quantum interference. When more than two particles are involved, the situation becomes more complex and interference capability extends beyond pairwise distinguishability, taking on a surprisingly rich character. Here, we study many-particle interference using three photons. We show that the distinguishability between pairs of photons is not sufficient to fully describe the photons' behavior in a scattering process, but that a collective phase, the triad phase, plays a role. We are able to explore the full parameter space of threephoton interference by generating heralded single photons and interfering them in a fiber tritter. Using multiple degrees of freedom-temporal delays and polarization-we isolate three-photon interference from two-photon interference. Our experiment disproves the view that pairwise two-photon distinguishability uniquely determines the degree of nonclassical many-particle interference. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.153603 The famous Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) experiment in 1987 provided the first important example of nonclassical two-photon interference [1]. Two independent photons impinging on a beam splitter exhibit bunching behavior at the output ports that cannot be explained by a classical field model. The degree of bunching depends on how similar the two photons are in all degrees of freedom, for example, time, frequency, polarization, and spatial mode. Extending the study of interference to many particles is of interest from a fundamental as well as from a technological viewpoint [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The scattering of multiple photons in linear networks is related to solving problems in quantum information processing, metrology, and quantum state engineering [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Thus, understanding multiphoton interference is also of great relevance for practical applications.Here, we demonstrate how many-particle interference is fundamentally richer than two-particle interference [17]. Two situations with the same pairwise distinguishability can lead to a different output distribution. This is due to a phase, the triad phase, that occurs only when more than two photons interfere.We use independent photons and a tritter, a three-port symmetric beam splitter to investigate many-particle interference. We isolate the triad phase for the first time by interfering three photons in a tritter and exploiting multiple degrees of freedom, here time and polarization. We show that interfering three identical photons and varying time delays between them, as demonstrated in previous work [5,18,19], is not sufficient to study three-photon interference in full generality [20,21]. Our experiment allows us to isolate and tune the three-photon interference term as distinct from two-photon interference. In particular, manipulation of the triad phase goes beyond what is possible using temporal...

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“…(9), but now setting the time delay differences as in Eq. (14). We determined σ from a set of two-photon HOM dips with polarizations chosen as in Fig.…”

Section: H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T E R Smentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishability and Many-Particle Interference

et al. 2017

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“…A 2D "Swiss cross" waveguide geometry with high-visibility two-photon quantum interference has been shown to exhibit a composite behaviour of path entanglement and distinguishability, a direct result of the 2D waveguide array [168]. 3D photonic circuitry has been exploited for the generation and verification of single-photon W-states, a robust quantum superposition state that features a uniform photon distribution across multiple modes [169]. Non-classical three-photon interfer-ence has been observed in 3D three-waveguide splitters for quantum interferometry and metrology [170,171].…”

Section: D Quantum Photonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

2015

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Since the discovery that tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses can induce a highly localised and permanent refractive index modification in a large number of transparent dielectrics, the technique of ultrafast laser inscription has received great attention from a wide range of applications. In particular, the capability to create three-dimensional optical waveguide circuits has opened up new opportunities for integrated photonics that would not have been possible with traditional planar fabrication techniques because it enables full access to the many degrees of freedom in a photon. This paper reviews the basic techniques and technological challenges of 3D integrated photonics fabricated using ultrafast laser inscription as well as reviews the most recent progress in the fields of astrophotonics, optical communication, quantum photonics, emulation of quantum systems, optofluidics and sensing.

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“…In particular, significant progress has been made recently in the use of integrated photonic circuits as a stable and compact platform for producing quantum optical devices [7][8][9][10][11] . Among the different fabrication technologies used to produce integrated optical circuits, the femtosecond laser writing technique is rapidly attaining a relevant role because of its several advantages 8,12,13 . In fact, this maskless technique allows one to rapidly prototype high-quality photonic circuits in glass with a very fast optimization loop; this technique is also a cost-effective process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally reconfigurable quantum photonic circuits at telecom wavelength by femtosecond laser micromachining

et al. 2015

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The importance of integrated quantum photonics in the telecom band is based on the possibility of interfacing with the optical network infrastructure that was developed for classical communications. In this framework, femtosecond laser-written integrated photonic circuits, which have already been assessed for use in quantum information experiments in the 800-nm wavelength range, have great potential. In fact, these circuits, being written in glass, can be perfectly mode-matched at telecom wavelength to the in/out coupling fibers, which is a key requirement for a low-loss processing node in future quantum optical networks. In addition, for several applications, quantum photonic devices must be dynamically reconfigurable. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the high performance of femtosecond laser-written photonic circuits for use in quantum experiments in the telecom band, and we demonstrate the use of thermal shifters, which were also fabricated using the same femtosecond laser, to accurately tune such circuits. State-of-the-art manipulation of single-and two-photon states is demonstrated, with fringe visibilities greater than 95%. The results of this work open the way to the realization of reconfigurable quantum photonic circuits based on this technological platform.

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On-chip generation of high-order single-photon W-states

Cited by 136 publications

References 41 publications

Distinguishability and Many-Particle Interference

Distinguishability and Many-Particle Interference

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

Thermally reconfigurable quantum photonic circuits at telecom wavelength by femtosecond laser micromachining

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