On Modeling Optimizations and Enhancing Routing Protocols for Wireless Multihop Networks

Al-Zahrani, Fahad Ahmed

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986010

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It is referred to as the MN1 -sender, index to the receiver MN9, R2 is the general rushing route, R2MN1→MN4→MN9, and R3 is the available rushing route, R3MN1→ MN4→ MN8 is the total amount of nodes directivity between MN1 -sender, MN17 -receiver, without (R2, MN1) is three and (R3, MN17) is 3. The distance from MN1-sender or MN17-receiver to the center of the area routing protocols communication is concerned with the distance from the attackers to the sender or receiver (MN8) and (MN9) [4] [2] [24] [25].…”

Section: Proposed Routing Protocols Communication For Rushing Attacker Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Route.append((destination node ())) End nextNode ++ End return efficient data transmission The above algorithm discusses the sender-receiver destination addresses using MANET routing protocols concerning the path nodes. The mobile nodes in a MANET do not update their positions frequently [4] [24] [15]. If the process needs to establish the connection node on a secure path, the route must change its path flow energetically to avoid the damage of nodes (rushing attacker) in the exact route.…”

Section: End Endmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intelligent route discovery towards rushing attacks in ad hoc wireless networks

Allimuthu

Mahalakshmi

2021

J Ambient Intell Human Comput

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MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Networks) are distributed or delegated away from a central server, authoritative location of wireless networks that communicate without pre-existing structure. Ad-hoc networks are compromising the many types of attacks and routing. In MANET, the routing plays a vital role in terms of packets interaction and data transmission. Due to decentralized control, the MANET data transmission becomes insecure because of dispersed routing on the mobile ad-hoc nodes. Since the efficient route on MANET only controls the packets and does not simplify the route between the source to the destination, the maintenance of route interaction becomes a crucial process. Maintain effective data transactions over the MANET network, and it is essential to improve the route and locate the attacker. Nevertheless, MANET allows for route interaction against security threads. In this research article, four processing schemes are suggested to preserve the security measures against routing protocols. Especially in node communication, the rushing attacker has a significant impact on packet-based data transmission in MANET. Also, for this research, an Attacker detection automation of the Bees Colony Optimization (ADABCP) method is used, as a result of which the desired result is brought about in the effective attacker detection on the routing process. Moreover, the proposed Hybrid Random Late Detection (HRLD) routing protocol manages the MANET routing and overcomes the MANET congestion communication. The Swift Implicit Response Round Trip Time (SIRT) mechanism is generated by the Route Finding Manipulation (RFM) to enhance the performance. This RFM scheme helps to find the optimal routing in a secured manner. The proposed (SIRT-ADABCP-HRLD) approach was compared to the existing ESCT, ZRDM-LFPM, and ENM-LAC approaches, found to have improved by routing and data transmission. Compared to the conventional method, the method mentioned above achieves a better ratio for the end-to-end delay, communication overhead, packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, and energy consumption.

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Section: Proposed Routing Protocols Communication For Rushing Attacker Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: End Endmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent route discovery towards rushing attacks in ad hoc wireless networks

Allimuthu

Mahalakshmi

2021

J Ambient Intell Human Comput

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“…In this equation, n represents the number of successfully received packets; R i represents the time when the destination node received the ith packet; S i represents the time when the source node sent the ith packet [45]. S i and R i times are counted at the application layers of the sender and receiver, respectively.…”

Section: ) End-to-end Delay (E2e)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipath Routing Protocol Using Genetic Algorithm in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Bhardwaj

El-Ocla

2020

IEEE Access

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Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a cluster of wireless mobile gadgets that creates a temporary network without seeking support from any infrastructure or central management. Energy consumption should be considered as one of the foremost vital limitations in MANETs because the mobile nodes do not possess a constant power supply and its shortage will minimize the network's lifetime. MANETs get energy from the batteries which get exhausted very quickly because of issues like node mobility, computation power, frequent data retransmissions needed in wireless communication, etc. Secondly, there is a data packet loss caused by different reasons such as traffic congestion or random loss as a result of nodes mobility or noise. This data loss, in turn, would delay packets delivery degrading data transmission in real-time applications. This paper provides management for this combination of major problems in MANETs. We present a new fitness function (FFn) used in the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to obtain the optimized route from those routes offered by the Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol. Accordingly, we propose a routing protocol titled as AOMDV with FFn (AOMDV-FFn). We also integrate the AOMDV mechanism with the genetic algorithm (AOMDV-GA). These protocols provide an optimization process to select the efficient routes that have the highest fitness values implementing the shortest route, maximum residual energy, and less data traffic even if a random loss of data packets happens. In this regard, we introduce a mechanism where the TCP Congestion Control Enhancement for Random Loss (TCP CERL) can be utilized in the FFn to optimize the efficient route. The performance of the proposed mechanisms is compared with other preferred protocols proposed in this area. INDEX TERMS congestion control, energy-efficient protocol, fitness function, genetic algorithm, mobile ad hoc network, multipath routing, shortest distance.

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“…Since the mobility of nodes did not considered in multipoint relay (MPR) selection from OLSR, this paper tried to select MPR nodes as most static nodes to reduce the packet loss ratio. Al-Zahrani analyzed the existing flooding algorithms for routing, and classified them into four types: traditional flooding, time-to-live (TTL) based expanding ring search flooding scheme, TTL-based scope routing flooding, and multi-point relays flooding [7]. Enhancement algorithms are suggested based on the analysis of each flooding class to minimize the cost based on energy and time consumptions, with improvements in search set values and intervals of routing algorithms.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The algorithm was implemented with the ns-3 network simulator based on C++ language. The proposed algorithm was compared with two proactive routing protocols, namely OLSR-mod and DSDV-mod, which are enhancement version of two proactive MANET protocols, OLSR and DSDV [7]. The following experiments were conducted:…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Channel-Based Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Technique for Indoor Disaster Environment

Kim

Cho

2020

IEEE Access

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The existing network infrastructure may not work well in a disaster environment caused by a fire or an earthquake. Instead of relying on the existing infrastructure, communicating through a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is recommended because MANET can configure a network without an infrastructured communication system. In addition, firefighters conducting emergency activities in harsh environments surrounded by flames and smoke need a communication system to assist their rapid firefighting operations. Existing work is not suitable for indoor firefighter communications because they did not consider the indoor disaster environment well. In this proposed scheme, dual channels (i.e., 2.4 GHz and sub-GHz bands) are used for an efficient routing table configuration. Data frame and HELLO message are exchanged through the 2.4 GHz band, while the neighbor list of each node is exchanged through the sub-GHz band. Each node can configure the routing table based on the exchanged neighbor list. A performance evaluation is conducted to compare the proposed technique with enhanced versions of optimized link state routing (OLSR) and destination-sequenced distance vector routing (DSDV). The results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the other two MANET routing algorithms (i.e., OLSRmod and DSDV-mod) in terms of the packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay, and initial routing table configuration time approximately 27.8%, 4.7%, and 166.7%, respectively.

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On Modeling Optimizations and Enhancing Routing Protocols for Wireless Multihop Networks

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Intelligent route discovery towards rushing attacks in ad hoc wireless networks

Intelligent route discovery towards rushing attacks in ad hoc wireless networks

Multipath Routing Protocol Using Genetic Algorithm in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Dual-Channel-Based Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Technique for Indoor Disaster Environment

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