On the definitions of strain and their use in large-strain analysis

Parks, V. J.; Durelli, A. J.

doi:10.1007/bf02327001

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Elastic deformation is one of the most common phenomena in materials. − Experimentally, a one-dimensional elastic bar will be stretched or shortened (i.e., from the initial length L 0 to the final length L 1 ) along the axis direction when an axial tensile or compressive force is applied (Figure a). In this case, the local deformation capacity of an elastic bar can be described by the normal strain, which is simplistically defined as ( L 1 – L 0 )/ L 0 when the change of length is very small. , Although strain is one of the most difficult physical parameters to accurately evaluate, the important influence of strain on the properties from the microdomain to the macrodomain is commonly acknowledged . In particular, with reducing the size of a material to the micro/nanoscale, the strain effect will be further magnified due to the enhanced tolerance of deformation. ,, In the field of electrolysis, catalysts are generally at the nanometer scale and possess high surface energies.…”

Section: Strain Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The atomic spacing at the subsurface or surface can be either larger or smaller compared to that in the bulk state, that is, the generation of tensile or compressive strain in the lattice, respectively (Figure b). Similar to the calculation method for the elastic bar we mentioned earlier, the lattice strain can be determined by the following formula associated with the lattice spacing: , ε = false( ( d strained − d bulk ) / italicd normalbulk false) × 100 % where d strained and d bulk represent the lattice spacings in the strained and bulk states, respectively. Essentially, the lattice strain originates from the discrepancy in lattice parameters.…”

Section: Strain Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Strain and Surface Engineering of Multicomponent Metallic Nanomaterials with Unconventional Phases

Yao

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multicomponent metallic nanomaterials with unconventional phases show great prospects in electrochemical energy storage and conversion, owing to unique crystal structures and abundant structural effects. In this review, we emphasize the progress in the strain and surface engineering of these novel nanomaterials. We start with a brief introduction of the structural configurations of these materials, based on the interaction types between the components. Next, the fundamentals of strain, strain effect in relevant metallic nanomaterials with unconventional phases, and their formation mechanisms are discussed. Then the progress in surface engineering of these multicomponent metallic nanomaterials is demonstrated from the aspects of morphology control, crystallinity control, surface modification, and surface reconstruction. Moreover, the applications of the strainand surface-engineered unconventional nanomaterials mainly in electrocatalysis are also introduced, where in addition to the catalytic performance, the structure−performance correlations are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this promising field are prospected. CONTENTS AA4.4. Surface Reconstruction AC Conclusion and

show abstract

Section: Strain Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strain Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain and Surface Engineering of Multicomponent Metallic Nanomaterials with Unconventional Phases

Yao

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As another consequence of introducing secondary metals, surface strain in Pt‐based electrocatalysts arises because surface Pt atoms have lower coordination numbers or more dangling bonds than the inner atoms, causing lattice changes to minimize the surface energies . We can define the strain in Pt‐based electrocatalysts, namely s catalyst , simply as the distorted percentage of the Pt lattice between its original and final states . It is calculated as follows by Equation …”

Section: Theoretical Mechanisms Of Tuning Catalytic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Activity of Pt‐based Electrocatalysts: From Theoretical Mechanisms to Practical Methods

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pt‐based electrocatalysts are considered as one of the most promising choices to facilitate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and the key factor enabling their success is to reduce the required amount of platinum. Herein, we focus on illuminating both the theoretical mechanisms which enable enhanced and sustained ORR activity and the practical methods to achieve them in catalysts. The various multi‐step pathways of ORR are firstly reviewed and the rate‐determining steps based on the reaction intermediates and their binding energies are analyzed. We then explain the critical aspects of Pt‐based electrocatalysts to tune oxygen reduction properties from the viewpoints of active sites exposure and altering the surface electronic structure, and further summarize representative research progress towards practically achieving these activity enhancements with a focus on platinum size reduction, shape control and core Pt elimination methods. We finally outline the remaining challenges and provide our perspectives with regard to further enhancing their activities.

show abstract

“…[69,39,40] Such a strain can be defined in several forms, which corresponds to a particular circumstance. [70] In the case of small strains, for example, the definition of the strain along a line is (l f − l i )/l i , where l f and l i refer to the atomic bond length in the final state and the initial state, respectively. However, the accurate evaluation of atomic bond length remains a challenge.…”

Section: Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface Engineering of Air Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Luo

Sun

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

188

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the face of high costs and the insufficient energy density of current lithiumion batteries, aqueous rechargeable zinc (Zn)-air batteries with the advantages of low cost, environmental benignity, safety, and high energy density have been growing in importance in recent years. The practical application of Zn-air batteries, however, is severely restricted by the high overpotential, which is associated with the inherent sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of air electrocatalysts. Recently, engineering heterostructured/hybrid electrocatalysts with modulated interface chemistry have been demonstrated as an effective strategy to improve the catalytic performance. Significant electronic effects, geometric effects, coordination effects, synergistic effects, and confinement effects occur at the heterostructure interface, which intensely affect electrocatalysts' performance in terms of intrinsic activity, active site density, and durability. In this review, the recent progress in the development of heterostructured air electrocatalysts by interface engineering is summarized. Particularly, the potential relationship between interface chemistry and oxygen electrocatalysis kinetics is bridged and outlined. This review provides a comprehensive and in-depth outline of the crucial role of the well-defined interfaces towards fast oxygen electrocatalysis, and offers a solid scientific basis for the rational design of efficient heterostructured air electrocatalysts and beyond.

show abstract

On the definitions of strain and their use in large-strain analysis

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Strain and Surface Engineering of Multicomponent Metallic Nanomaterials with Unconventional Phases

Strain and Surface Engineering of Multicomponent Metallic Nanomaterials with Unconventional Phases

Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Activity of Pt‐based Electrocatalysts: From Theoretical Mechanisms to Practical Methods

Interface Engineering of Air Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About