On the designing principles and optimization approaches of bio-inspired self-organized network: a survey

Abstract

A plethora of studies on self-organization has been carried out in broad areas including chemistry, biology, astronomy, medical science, telecommunications, etc., in both academia and industry. Following the studies on swarm intelligence observed in social species, the artificial self-organized systems are expected to exhibit some intelligent features (e.g., flexibility, robustness, decentralized control, self-evolution, etc.) that may have made social species so successful in the biosphere. In this paper, the application of swarm intelligence in communications networks will be studied, and we survey different aspects of bio-inspired mechanisms and examine various algorithms that have been proposed to improve the performance of artificial systems. Some fundamental self-organized networking (SON) mechanisms, designing principles and optimization approaches for artificial systems will then be investigated, followed by some well-known bio-inspired algorithms (e.g., cooperation, division of labor, distributed network synchronization, load balancing, etc.) as well as their applications to the maintenance/operation/optimization of artificial systems being analyzed. Besides, some new emerging technologies, such as the Self-X capabilities and cognitive machine-to-machine (M2M) optimization for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-Advanced systems, are also surveyed. Finally, the remaining challenges to be faced in designing the future heterogeneous systems will be discussed.

Full-Duplex Wireless Communications: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Research Directions

“…However, the hybrid nodes have to be capable of identifying the environment changes in terms of the CSI, the traffic characteristics as well as communication directions and of promptly switching between the FD and HD modes. Furthermore, in the absence of a centralized controller, a sophisticated distributed approach relying on self-organization [56], [121], [122] should also be employed by each node for implementing a cost-efficient hybrid protocol. 5) The power efficiency of the FD mode must be significantly improved either with the aid of circuit architecture optimization or by relying on the enhancement of MAC/higher-layer protocols.…”

Artificial Intelligence-Based Techniques for Emerging Heterogeneous Network: State of the Arts, Opportunities, and Challenges

“…The essential idea of SONs is to integrate network planning, configuration, and optimization into a single and mostly automated process requiring minimal manual intervention; particularly AI-based techniques may offer efficient solutions for SONs in HetNets. Main features in SONs in HetNets include self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing, which designs HetNets with the ability of ''self-evolution'' [5], [8]. The abilities of ''self-planning'' and ''self-organisation'' are sometime discussed separately from self-configuration, but in this article we consider them as one essential automatic preoperational starting phase.…”

“…In the ant colony, a huge amount of ants are discovering optimal routes to food based on previously accumulated but dismissing pheromones. Because of the similarity between networking systems and ant colony (an ant corresponding to a data packet, and a path corresponding to the networking route), ACO is widely discussed in studies on HetNets as an effective methodology for approaching the optimal performance [3] with regard to interference management, routing, and coverage [5], [50], as shown in Fig. 5.…”

“…It has been proved that AI techniques can achieve outstanding performance [3]- [5], as most of them are inspired from nature findings or motivated by the ways of thinking of human beings. They have relatively lower complexity enabled by recursive feedback-based learning and local interactions, and hence faster speed of finding sub-optimal solutions compared to conventional techniques [3], [4].…”

Ergodic secrecy rate of two-user MISO interference channels with statistical CSI

“…By varying the scalar real-valued parameters (λ 1 , λ 2 ) in the feasible set (25) or (26), any point on the Pareto boundary can be realized. The smaller region guarantees the secrecy rates positive and also reduces the searching complexity.…”