On the effect of the path length of small-world networks on epidemic dynamics

Reppas, Andreas I.; Spiliotis, Konstantinos; Siettos, Constantinos

doi:10.4161/viru.19131

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In LNNP, low path length could indicate the presence of smaller, more isolated groups which are not as strongly bonded as those in SC. Networks with short path lengths, all other things being equal, have a quicker spread of disease and information (Reppas, Spiliotis, & Siettos, ), so perhaps shorter path lengths in areas of high pressure are beneficial, since information about disturbance or threat can be transmitted more quickly. The lower mean edge weight for giraffes in LNNP would support the possibility that giraffes are disbanded and moved between groups in LNNP more often than in SC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) social networks in areas of contrasting human activity and lion density

Raw

Cuthill

2019

Ethology

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The adaptive value of close social bonds and social networks has been demonstrated in a variety of vertebrate taxa. While the effect of predators on populations is well established, disturbance by humans is increasingly being identified as affecting the behaviour and reproductive success of animals and can have significant impacts on their survival. We used a concurrent analysis of two adjacent giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis populations in Kenya to determine whether human activities and high predation affected their social networks. One study site was a premier tourist destination with a high volume of human activity in the form of tourist traffic and lodge infrastructure, alongside a high density of lions which preferentially prey on giraffe calves; the other was a private wildlife conservancy with minimal human activity and no lion population. Giraffes in both networks showed preferred associations and avoidances of other individuals, which were independent of space use. Bond strength was lower in the population exposed to high levels of human activity and lions, and the network had lower density and clustering, and shorter path lengths, suggesting that it was more fragmented. We suggest that human activity and predator density may influence the patterns of social interactions in giraffes and highlight the importance of understanding the impact of tourism and management on the survival and success of wild animal populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) social networks in areas of contrasting human activity and lion density

Raw

Cuthill

2019

Ethology

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“…126 studied the influence of the path length of small world networks on the dynamics of a simple SIRS stochastic epidemic model. 127 Studies on adaptive networks have only very recently begun to appear in the physics literature 128 indicating that adaptation can trigger effects that are not present in other types of networks.…”

Section: Mathematical/mechanistic State-space Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modeling of infectious disease dynamics

Siettos

Russo²

2013

Virulence

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364

282

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Over the last years, an intensive worldwide effort is speeding up the developments in the establishment of a global surveillance network for combating pandemics of emergent and re-emergent infectious diseases. Scientists from different fields extending from medicine and molecular biology to computer science and applied mathematics have teamed up for rapid assessment of potentially urgent situations. Toward this aim mathematical modeling plays an important role in efforts that focus on predicting, assessing, and controlling potential outbreaks. To better understand and model the contagious dynamics the impact of numerous variables ranging from the micro host–pathogen level to host-to-host interactions, as well as prevailing ecological, social, economic, and demographic factors across the globe have to be analyzed and thoroughly studied. Here, we present and discuss the main approaches that are used for the surveillance and modeling of infectious disease dynamics. We present the basic concepts underpinning their implementation and practice and for each category we give an annotated list of representative works.

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“…A high clustering coefficient and large average path length may result in slow movement in a network (Reppas et al 2011). This result may therefore have conservation implications for the Cape Sugarbird, Cape Rock-Jumper, the Southern DoubleCollared Sunbird, Cape Siskin and Malachite Sunbird, which all disperse at this scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale network analysis shows scale-dependency of significance of individual protected areas for connectivity

Maciejewski

Cumming

2015

Landscape Ecol

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Context The problem of how ecological mechanisms create and interact with patterns across different scales is fundamental not only for understanding ecological processes, but also for interpretations of ecological dynamics and the strategies that organisms adopt to cope with variability and cross-scale influences. Objectives Our objective was to determine the consistency of the role of individual habitat patches in pattern-process relationships (focusing on the potential for dispersal within a network of patches in a fragmented landscape) across a range of scales. Methods Network analysis was used to assess and compare the potential connectivity and spatial distribution of highland fynbos habitat in and between protected areas of the Western Cape of South Africa. Connectivity of fynbos patches was measured using ten maximum threshold distances, ranging from five to 50 km, based on the known average dispersal distances of fynbos endemic bird species. Results Network connectivity increased predictably with scale. More interestingly, however, the relative contributions of individual protected areas to network connectivity showed strong scale dependence.Conclusions Conservation approaches that rely on single-scale analyses of connectivity and context (e.g., based on data for a single species with a given dispersal distance) are inadequate to identify key land parcels. Landscape planning, and specifically the assessment of the value of individual areas for dispersal, must therefore be undertaken with a multiscale approach. Developing a better understanding of scaling dependencies in fragmenting landscapes is of high importance for both ecological theory and conservation planning.

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On the effect of the path length of small-world networks on epidemic dynamics

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) social networks in areas of contrasting human activity and lion density

Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) social networks in areas of contrasting human activity and lion density

Mathematical modeling of infectious disease dynamics

Multi-scale network analysis shows scale-dependency of significance of individual protected areas for connectivity

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