On the Fletcher's two-terminal equivalent network of a three-terminal electrochemical cell

Impedance Spectra of Energy-Storage Electrodes Obtained with Commercial Three-Electrode Cells: Some Sources of Measurement Artefacts

“…(1) The first type is due to stray capacitances in the vicinity of the electrodes and from the measurement cables, being especially noticeable when the impedance of the CE and/or RE are comparable to that of the tested WE [26,27]. This difficulty can be easily avoided in large cells, but not in the small cells used for the characterization of energystorage materials.…”

Minimizing Artifacts in Three-electrode Double Layer Capacitance Measurements Caused by Stray Capacitances

“…2a. Compared to the two-electrode circuit for purely resistive electrodes given in [10], there is only one additional capacitor C 2 . The impedance Z 2E of our equivalent circuit is given by:…”

“…S1 in the supporting information) was characterized by a transfer function of second order in p [10]. In addition, the expressions for the coefficients a …”

“…Since the existence of stray capacitances leads to current flow between all three electrodes, there is no straightforward way to analyze the impact of the stray capacitances on the impedance spectra in the framework of conventional two-electrode equivalent circuits. Sadkowski et al extended this model by introducing a complex impedance of the WE [10]. This complex impedance was described by an electrolyte resistance in series to a parallel combination of a charge transfer resistance and a double layer capacitance.…”

“…This complex impedance was described by an electrolyte resistance in series to a parallel combination of a charge transfer resistance and a double layer capacitance. The RE and the counter electrode (CE), however, were still purely resistive [10].…”