On the importance of correcting for the uncompensated Ohmic resistance in model experiments of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Vliet, Dennis Van; Strmčnik, Dušan; Wang, Chao; Stamenković, Vojislav R.; Marković, Nenad M.; Koper, Marc T. M.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.05.016

Cited by 183 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Additionally, compensation for the resistance of the electrolyte by positive feedback has been applied to avoid errors when comparing catalysts with different platinum and carbon content [74]. A representative set of ORR measurements is provided for one of the catalysts studied (Pt@HGS 1–2 nm catalyst) in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

Meier¹,

Galeano²,

Katsounaros³

et al. 2014

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

476

433

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SummaryPlatinum and Pt alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon are the state of the art electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To develop a better understanding on how material design can influence the degradation processes on the nanoscale, three specific Pt/C catalysts with different structural characteristics were investigated in depth: a conventional Pt/Vulcan catalyst with a particle size of 3–4 nm and two Pt@HGS catalysts with different particle size, 1–2 nm and 3–4 nm. Specifically, Pt@HGS corresponds to platinum nanoparticles incorporated and confined within the pore structure of the nanostructured carbon support, i.e., hollow graphitic spheres (HGS). All three materials are characterized by the same platinum loading, so that the differences in their performance can be correlated to the structural characteristics of each material. The comparison of the activity and stability behavior of the three catalysts, as obtained from thin film rotating disk electrode measurements and identical location electron microscopy, is also extended to commercial materials and used as a basis for a discussion of general fuel cell catalyst design principles. Namely, the effects of particle size, inter-particle distance, certain support characteristics and thermal treatment on the catalyst performance and in particular the catalyst stability are evaluated. Based on our results, a set of design criteria for more stable and active Pt/C and Pt-alloy/C materials is suggested.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

Meier¹,

Galeano²,

Katsounaros³

et al. 2014

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

476

433

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This was repeated until stable non changing oxygen reduction performance and cyclic voltammograms under nitrogen were achieved (3–4 times). Where iR-free potentials ( E iR-free ) are reported the potential ( E ) was corrected to be E iR-free = E − I × R , where I is the measured current and R the solution and lead resistance, as determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FRA module, Autolab, PGSTAT20) as described in literature34.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ electrochemical quantification of active sites in Fe–N/C non-precious metal catalysts

2016

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The economic viability of low temperature fuel cells as clean energy devices is enhanced by the development of inexpensive oxygen reduction reaction catalysts. Heat treated iron and nitrogen containing carbon based materials (Fe–N/C) have shown potential to replace expensive precious metals. Although significant improvements have recently been made, their activity and durability is still unsatisfactory. The further development and a rational design of these materials has stalled due to the lack of an in situ methodology to easily probe and quantify the active site. Here we demonstrate a protocol that allows the quantification of active centres, which operate under acidic conditions, by means of nitrite adsorption followed by reductive stripping, and show direct correlation to the catalytic activity. The method is demonstrated for two differently prepared materials. This approach may allow researchers to easily assess the active site density and turnover frequency of Fe–N/C catalysts.

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“…The starting material PtCu 3 /C -intermetallic partially ordered (ordered shell, disordered core) PtCu 3 nanoparticles that are tightly embedded (anchored) into modified carbon support were prepared via a modified sol-gel synthesis using a gelatin precursor [5,14,17,27,28]. Briefly, the synthesis consists of two vital steps, the first being annealing of a non-noble metal precursor (e.g., a Cu precursor) together with gelatine and carbon black to obtain embedded nanoparticles in a porous carbon matrix.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%