This study explored links between texture perception, breakdown path, and bolus properties throughout oral processing. Five subjects chewed biscuits to three stages of bolus formation (early, mid, and point of swallow). Bolus properties were measured using back extrusion (BE) (yield stress) and a modified texture profile analysis, consecutive double compression (CDC) (peak force, "adhesiveness", and "cohesiveness"). The validity of the testing methods was discussed and BE was found to be better suited than CDC for testing boluses of varying size. In addition, results indicated that a greater understanding of the properties being measured by the CDC parameters is required. The bolus properties were linked to texture perception and breakdown path results presented in Part 1 of this study.At a panel-level, yield stress and peak force decreased and "adhesiveness" and "cohesiveness" increased throughout oral processing. Interindividual differences were found in bolus mass, yield stress, peak force, "adhesiveness", "cohesiveness", and description of bolus properties using texture terms. A panel-level analysis agreed with the "Mouth Process" and "Optimum Swallow" models. However, not all individuals' results were consistent with the latter model. A universal swallowing threshold for this biscuit recipe in terms of the measured properties was not found. Results suggest consumers can potentially be grouped by sensory experience, breakdown path, or bolus properties.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe relationships between masticatory behavior, perceived texture, bolus structure, and mechanical and rheological properties throughout oral processing are still not fully understood. This study applies modified texture profile analysis and back extrusion methods for the testing of boluses at different stages of oral processing and discusses their validity. This study indicates that analyzing texture-bolus property relationships at a panel -rather than individual -level may not provide a full picture of consumer experience. Although there are differences between consumers, they can potentially be grouped by sensory experience, food breakdown path, or bolus properties (including bolus moisture content and rheology). These groupings could be used to design studies that are more applicable to a general population and may be useful in tailoring foods to specific target groups.Journal of Texture Studies 00 (2016) 00-00 V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.