On the polymorphism of cyanogenesis in Lotus corniculatus L. IX. Selective herbivory in natural populations at Porthdafarch, Anglesey

Compton, Stephen G.; Beesley, S G; Jones, David A.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1983.69

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This hypothesis is contingent on there being less floral herbivory on cyanogenic plants relative to acyanogenic plants, which is reasonable given observations from other plants with cyanogenesis polymorphisms (e.g., Lotus corniculatus ; Compton et al. ). Future studies are needed to determine whether floral and foliar herbivory are correlated in T. repens .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Antiherbivore defenses alter natural selection on plant reproductive traits

Thompson

Johnson

2016

Evolution

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While many studies demonstrate that herbivores alter selection on plant reproductive traits, little is known about whether antiherbivore defenses affect selection on these traits. We hypothesized that antiherbivore defenses could alter selection on reproductive traits by altering trait expression through allocation trade-offs, or by altering interactions with mutualists and/or antagonists. To test our hypothesis, we used white clover, Trifolium repens, which has a Mendelian polymorphism for the production of hydrogen cyanide-a potent antiherbivore defense. We conducted a common garden experiment with 185 clonal families of T. repens that included cyanogenic and acyanogenic genotypes. We quantified resistance to herbivores, and selection on six floral traits and phenology via male and female fitness. Cyanogenesis reduced herbivory but did not alter the expression of reproductive traits through allocation trade-offs. However, the presence of cyanogenic defenses altered natural selection on petal morphology and the number of flowers within inflorescences via female fitness. Herbivory influenced selection on flowers and phenology via female fitness independently of cyanogenesis. Our results demonstrate that both herbivory and antiherbivore defenses alter natural selection on plant reproductive traits. We discuss the significance of these results for understanding how antiherbivore defenses interact with herbivores and pollinators to shape floral evolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Antiherbivore defenses alter natural selection on plant reproductive traits

Thompson

Johnson

2016

Evolution

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“…This is in contrast to the polymorphism of leaf cyanogenesis in L. corniculatus where approximately 25 per cent of the recorded populations are monomorphic (Jones, 1977 (Compton et a!., 1983b), where the dark morph increased in frequency from 54 per cent (June 1979) to 20 per cent (May 1982) in one group of plants and from 107 per cent (June 1979) to 129 per cent (May 1982) in a closely adjacent group of plants. On both occasions the damage to the flowers was recorded, but no evidence of differential herbivory was obtained.…”

Section: Analysis Of Variance After Relevant Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Variation in the colour of the keel petals in Lotus corniculatus L. 3. Pollination, herbivory and seed production

et al. 1986

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The response of pollinators to the pseudo-cryptic polymorphism of dark/light keel colour in Lotus corniculutus has been studied experimentally. Some evidence was obtained that the bumble-bees Bombus lapidarius and B. terrestris forage more dark-keeled flowers in dull and overcast conditions than in bright sunlight.The distribution of herbivorous insects within the flowers of L. corniculatus suggests that they do not distinguish between the keel colour phenotypes.The entire seed production of pre-marked plants growing at two sites was recovered. Analysis of the data obtained from one site showed that the phenotypes did not differ significantly in any of the following characteristics: pods produced, seeds produced, seeds per pod, seed herbivores, seed herbivores per pod, damaged seeds, and germination patterns. At the second site no germination trials were effected, but even more closely similar values for seed production and overall seed herbivory of the two keel colour phenotypes were obtained.At the latter site the herbivorous wasp Eurytoma platyptera was commoner in the pods of light-keeled plants and light-keeled plants produced more seeds than the dark-keeled plants later in the season even though light-keeled plants tend to flower earlier.

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“…This has been demonstrated in white clover where cyanogenic populations had less leaf damage by insects and better seedling survival than acyanogenic populations (Pederson and Brink, 1998). Several other field and laboratory studies on BFT and white clover have also demonstrated that cyanogenic plants were less preferred by several insect species and mollusks than acyanogenic plants (Compton et al, 1983; Compton and Jones, 1985; Hughes, 1991; Ellsbury et al, 1992). In adult plants, leaf loss may not be as critical as it is in seedlings because adult plants can easily compensate for lost leaves (Crawford‐Sidebothum, 1972).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Seasonal Variations in Hydrogen Cyanide Concentration of Three Lotus Species

Gebrehiwot

Beuselinck²

2001

Agronomy Journal

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rupted by herbivores, mechanical means, or fungal attack (Poulton, 1990). Acyanogenic (HCN negative) Lo-Cyanogenic glucosides, generally considered antinutritional factus plants or plant parts may lack the cyanoglycosides, tors, are important defense molecules against predators and, in some cases, diseases. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the corresponding ␤-glucosidase, or both (Kakes, 1991; the seasonal variations in hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentration of Compton and Jones, 1985). three widely grown Lotus spp. and (ii) to assess the overall cyanogenic The major role of cyanogenic glycosides in birdsfoot potential of the different plant components of a rhizomatous cultivar trefoil (BFT) is as a feeding inhibitor. In laboratory of broadleaf birdsfoot trefoil [Lotus corniculatus L.] (BFT). In this studies, several species of insects and mollusks preferred study, we used BFT cultivars Norcen and ARS-2620, narrowleaf trefoil acyanogenic birdsfoot trefoil leaves or petals to the cy-(L. glaber Mill.) germplasm ARS-1207, and big trefoil (L. uliginosus anogenic alternatives (Compton and Jones, 1985). As Schkur.) germplasm ARS-1221. The experiments were conducted in reviewed by Compton and Jones (1985), there is evithe field and greenhouse using a randomized complete block design. dence that, in natural populations, acyanogenic plants Significant seasonal variations in HCN concentrations in Norcen, suffer disproportionate levels of herbivory. Similar re-ARS-2620, and ARS-1207 were observed. Hydrogen cyanide concentrations were greatest in spring and summer and least in winter. ARS-sults have been reported for white clover (Trifolium 1221 was acyanogenic. Of the three cyanogenic entries grown in the repens L.) based on field and laboratory experiments field study, ARS-1207 had the greatest concentration of HCN, averag- (Hughes, 1991;Ellsbury et al., 1992). Furthermore, cyaing 900 g g Ϫ1 dry matter while Norcen and ARS-2620 had similar nogenesis has long been considered a resistance factor levels of HCN. In the greenhouse, Norcen and ARS-1207 had greater against fungi. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] HCN concentrations than ARS-2620. Partitioning of the rhizomatous root exudates containing 0.6 to 2.7 mg kg Ϫ1 CN inhibited BFT cultivar ARS-2620 demonstrated that leaves and flowers prochlamydospore germination of two Fusarium spp. (Hillduced the greatest concentration of HCN, five times as much as stems ocks et al., 1997). Yet, the presence of large amounts and ripe-seed pods. Rhizomes, which are typically produced in winter of cyanogenic compounds can inhibit active defense reand fall, did not exhibit HCN production. Seeds of Norcen and ARSactions in plants (Lieberei et al., 1989). Another possible 2620 were acyanogenic, but ARS-1207 seeds were weakly cyanogenic. However, as seeds germinated and seedlings formed cotyledons, Nor-use of cyanogenic glycosides in plants is as a storage cen, ARS-2620, and ARS-1207 exhibited HCN. Roots of all species form of reduced N (Poulton, 1990; Selmar et al., 1...

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On the polymorphism of cyanogenesis in Lotus corniculatus L. IX. Selective herbivory in natural populations at Porthdafarch, Anglesey

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Antiherbivore defenses alter natural selection on plant reproductive traits

Antiherbivore defenses alter natural selection on plant reproductive traits

Variation in the colour of the keel petals in Lotus corniculatus L. 3. Pollination, herbivory and seed production

Seasonal Variations in Hydrogen Cyanide Concentration of Three Lotus Species

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