The present theoretical work investigates the combined impacts of non-Newtonian (pseudoplastic and dilatant) lubricants and surface roughness on the performance of squeeze films lubrication between two rough circular plates. The modified Reynolds equation has been derived on the basis of Christensen's stochastic theory of hydrodynamic lubrication for rough surfaces. The lubricant model adopted for the analysis is Rabinowitsch fluid model -an experimentally verified fluid model for lubricated bearing systems. Two types of one-dimensional roughness patterns (radial and azimuthal) have been considered in the analysis. An asymptotic solution for squeeze film pressure, load carrying capacity and squeeze film time are obtained. The numerical results for dimensionless film pressure, load carrying capacity and film squeezing time have been calculated for various values of fluid and operating parameters. The results for dimensionless film pressure, load capacity and squeezing time of the lubricant film have been discussed with clear graphical presentation for different values of parameters of pseudoplasticity and roughness. It was observed that the radial roughness decreases the film pressure, load capacity and squeezing time of lubricant, while increased values of these properties were observed for azimuthal roughness. It was also observed that the pseudoplastic lubricants decrease the film pressure and load capacity, while the dilatant lubricants increase these properties. Also, the variations in these results are highly significant.