On violations of Le Chatelier’s principle for a temperature change in small systems observed for short times

Dasmeh, Pouria; Searles, Debra J.; Ajloo, Davood; Evans, Denis J.; Williams, Stephen R.

doi:10.1063/1.3261849

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Namun dari grafik tersebut semakin bertambahnya metanol maka metil asetat yang terbentuk juga semakin banyak. Hal ini dengan sesuai dengan asas Le Chatelier pada proses reaksi kesetimbangan yakni apabila suhu meningkat maka arah reaksi akan mengarah berbalik menuju reaktan jika reaksi bersifat eksotermis [7]. Pada simulasi ini reaksi lebih baik dilakukan pada suhu 35°C dengan konversi mencapai 99.9%.…”

Section: Tabel 1 Hasil Simulasi Reaktor Equilibrium Pada Produksi Meunclassified

Studi Kasus Simulasi Reaktor Equilibrium Pada Produksi Metil Asetat Menggunakan Software Chemcad

Hapsari

Wibowo

2023

Distilat: J. Tekn. Sep

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Produksi metil asetat dapat dilakukan melalui reaksi esterifikasi. Reaksi yang terjadi antara asam asetat dan metanol akan menghasilkan metil asetat dan air sebagai produk samping. Reaksi esterifikasi pada metil asetat berlangsung lama, sehingga katalis dibutuhkan untuk mempercepat laju reaksi. Pada penelitian ini digunakan simulasi reaktor equilibrium dengan pendekatan ΔT sehingga keadaan kesetimbangan diprediksi menggunakan metode minimisasi energi bebas gibss. Simulasi ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jumlah metil asetat yang maksimal sehingga dilakukan trial rasio umpan asam asetat : metanol sebesar 1:1 hingga 1:9, dan melakukan simulasi ada suhu operasi yang berbeda. Berdasarkan simulasi yang telah dilakukan, hasil terbaik diperoleh pada rasio umpan 1:9, dengan suhu 35°C, pada tekanan 101.3 kPa dengan konversi sebesar 99.9%.

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Section: Tabel 1 Hasil Simulasi Reaktor Equilibrium Pada Produksi Meunclassified

Studi Kasus Simulasi Reaktor Equilibrium Pada Produksi Metil Asetat Menggunakan Software Chemcad

Hapsari

Wibowo

2023

Distilat: J. Tekn. Sep

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“…Consequently, pH of water increases and the concentration of OHanion also increases simultaneously. Chatelier's principle [32,33].…”

Section: 3correlation Of Ph and Orp Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Generation in Water Induced by Magnetic Effect and Its Impact on Dissolved Oxygen Concentration

Yap

Lee

Loo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are important water parameters in water quality surveillance and treatment. The changes of these water parameters are associated with electron density in water. Several techniques including electrolysis and catalysis which require redox reactions and electron exchange are employed to improve these water parameters. In recent years, studies reported that magnetic effects can impart considerable changes on the pH, ORP and DO concentration of water. However, the correlation between electron density and magnetic effects on these water parameters has yet to be disclosed despite the fact that increased electron density in water could improve water’s reductive properties, heat capacity and hydrogen bonding characteristics. In this study, the magnetic effects on water’s pH, ORP and DO concentration were investigated using different magnet arrangements and water flow rates based on reversed electric motor principle. Results showed that the improvement of pH, ORP and DO concentration by +3.51%, -6.89% and +5.62%, respectively were achieved using combined variables of non-reversed polarity magnet arrangement (1000-1500 Gauss magnetic strength) and water flow rate of 0.1-0.5 mL/s. Such decrement in ORP value also corresponded to 8.50 × 1013 number of electrons generation in water. Furthermore, Raman analysis revealed that magnetic effect could strengthen the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water molecules and favour formation of smaller water clusters. The findings of this study could contribute to potential applications in aquaculture, water quality control and treatment of cancer attributed to free radical induced-oxidative stress.

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“…This observation gives rise to Le Chatelier's principle whereby a system at equilibrium that is subjected to a change in concentration, temperature, or pressure readjusts to counteract the effect of the applied change until a new equilibrium is established. Strikingly, while not without exceptions at short time scales, Le Chatelier's principle has found applications in fields as diverse as economy and mechanical engineering (per Newton's third law: “For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction”) in that a system exposed to stress will generally respond by reducing that stress. Such dynamic adaptation is also one key to understanding biological specificity.…”

Section: The Reductionist Law Of Mass Action Expandedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Pathway Specificity in the Cell—Does Molecular Diversity Matter?

Walter

2019

BioEssays

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Biology arises from the crowded molecular environment of the cell, rendering it a challenge to understand biological pathways based on the reductionist, low‐concentration in vitro conditions generally employed for mechanistic studies. Recent evidence suggests that low‐affinity interactions between cellular biopolymers abound, with still poorly defined effects on the complex interaction networks that lead to the emergent properties and plasticity of life. Mass‐action considerations are used here to underscore that the sheer number of weak interactions expected from the complex mixture of cellular components significantly shapes biological pathway specificity. In particular, on‐pathway—i.e., “functional”—become those interactions thermodynamically and kinetically stable enough to survive the incessant onslaught of the many off‐pathway (“nonfunctional”) interactions. Consequently, to better understand the molecular biology of the cell a further paradigm shift is needed toward mechanistic experimental and computational approaches that probe intracellular diversity and complexity more directly. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/T19X_zYaBzg.

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On violations of Le Chatelier’s principle for a temperature change in small systems observed for short times

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Studi Kasus Simulasi Reaktor Equilibrium Pada Produksi Metil Asetat Menggunakan Software Chemcad

Studi Kasus Simulasi Reaktor Equilibrium Pada Produksi Metil Asetat Menggunakan Software Chemcad

Electron Generation in Water Induced by Magnetic Effect and Its Impact on Dissolved Oxygen Concentration

Biological Pathway Specificity in the Cell—Does Molecular Diversity Matter?

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